矛頭蝮
科学分类
界：
动物界 Animalia
门：
脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：
爬行綱 Reptilia
目：
有鳞目 Squamata
亚目：
蛇亚目 Serpentes
科：
蝰科 Viperidae
属：
矛头蝮属 Bothrops
种：
矛頭蝮 B. atrox
二名法
Bothrops atrox
異名
Coluber atrox Linnaeus, 1758 [Coluber ] ambiguus Gmelin , 1788
Vipera Weigeli Daudin , 1803Cophias holocericeus Wied-Neuwied , 1821Trigonoceph [alus ]. atrox – Schinz , 1822 Vipera atrox Weigelii – Schinz, 1822 Trigonoceph [alus ]. holocericeus – Schinz, 1822 Bothrops furia Wagler , 1824Bothrops tessellatus Wagler, 1824 Craspedocephalus atrox – Fitzinger , 1826 Craspedocephalus Weigelii – Fitzinger, 1826 [Bothrops ] atrox – Wagler, 1830
[Bothrops ] ambiguus – Wagler, 1830
T [rigonocephalus ]. atrox – Schlegel , 1837 Trigonocephalus Colombiensis Hallowell , 1845Bothrops affinis Gray , 1849Bothrops atrox var. tessellatus – Jan & Sordelli, 1875 Lachesis atrox – Boulenger , 1896 Botrhops atrox – Recinos , 1913 B [othrops ]. Neuvoiedii Venezuelenzi Briceño Rossi, 1934 Trimeresurus atrox – Schmidt & Walker, 1943 Bothrops atrox atrox – Hoge , 1952 Bothrops colombiensis – Hoge, 1966 Bothrops atrox colombiensis – Gubensk, Turk & Drujan, 1978 Bothrops isabelae Sandner-Montilla, 1979 Bothrops lanceolatus aidae Sandner-Montilla, 1981 B [othrops ]. atrox aidae – Vanzolini , 1986 Bothrops lanceolatus nacaritae Sandner-Montilla, 1990 [ 1]
矛頭蝮 長75–125釐米。矛頭蝮的背上環斑可融入雨林的落葉地表，幫助牠們長時間等候獵物。矛頭蝮受干擾時會像響尾蛇 一樣舉起尾巴發聲警告入侵者(尾部無響環)。矛頭蝮會受人類住宅區的老鼠吸引而來到人類的住所，容易咬傷人類。矛頭蝮的毒液會瓦解傷口周遭的組織，毒液還會隨著血液蔓延破壞血液組織，最後導致心臟及腎臟衰竭。
Bothrops atrox Coluber atrox
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