矛头蝮
科学分类
界:
动物界 Animalia
门:
脊索动物门 Chordata
纲:
爬行纲 Reptilia
目:
有鳞目 Squamata
亚目:
蛇亚目 Serpentes
科:
蝰科 Viperidae
属:
矛头蝮属 Bothrops
种:
矛头蝮 B. atrox
二名法
Bothrops atrox
异名
Coluber atrox Linnaeus, 1758
[Coluber ] ambiguus Gmelin , 1788
Vipera Weigeli Daudin , 1803
Cophias holocericeus Wied-Neuwied , 1821
Trigonoceph [alus ]. atrox – Schinz , 1822
Vipera atrox Weigelii – Schinz, 1822
Trigonoceph [alus ]. holocericeus – Schinz, 1822
Bothrops furia Wagler , 1824
Bothrops tessellatus Wagler, 1824
Craspedocephalus atrox – Fitzinger , 1826
Craspedocephalus Weigelii – Fitzinger, 1826
[Bothrops ] atrox – Wagler, 1830
[Bothrops ] ambiguus – Wagler, 1830
T [rigonocephalus ]. atrox – Schlegel , 1837
Trigonocephalus Colombiensis Hallowell , 1845
Bothrops affinis Gray , 1849
Bothrops atrox var. tessellatus – Jan & Sordelli, 1875
Lachesis atrox – Boulenger , 1896
Botrhops atrox – Recinos , 1913
B [othrops ]. Neuvoiedii Venezuelenzi Briceño Rossi, 1934
Trimeresurus atrox – Schmidt & Walker, 1943
Bothrops atrox atrox – Hoge , 1952
Bothrops colombiensis – Hoge, 1966
Bothrops atrox colombiensis – Gubensk, Turk & Drujan, 1978
Bothrops isabelae Sandner-Montilla, 1979
Bothrops lanceolatus aidae Sandner-Montilla, 1981
B [othrops ]. atrox aidae – Vanzolini , 1986
Bothrops lanceolatus nacaritae Sandner-Montilla, 1990 [ 1]
矛头蝮 长75–125厘米。矛头蝮的背上环斑可融入雨林的落叶地表,帮助它们长时间等候猎物。矛头蝮受干扰时会像响尾蛇 一样举起尾巴发声警告入侵者(尾部无响环)。矛头蝮会受人类住宅区的老鼠吸引而来到人类的住所,容易咬伤人类。矛头蝮的毒液会瓦解伤口周遭的组织,毒液还会随著血液蔓延破坏血液组织,最后导致心脏及肾脏衰竭。
Bothrops atrox Coluber atrox