新月金片

新月金片（gold lunula）是一種歐洲新石器時代晚期至青銅時代早期獨特的頸、肩或胸部飾品，主要發現於愛爾蘭，不列顛島到歐洲大陸西岸也有發現。其形狀類似新月，通常扁平而薄，兩端常呈近圓鏟形並扭轉45-90度。考古學家將其分為三種類型：經典型、粗糙型和地方型。其製作年代雖未經過直接定年，但根據共出的器物判斷，可能是公元前2400-前2000年之間^[1]^[2]，愛爾蘭一個存儲新月金片的木箱的碳14測年結果為公元前2460-前2040年^[3]。

在迄今出土的100多個新月金片中，有80多個來自愛爾蘭^[4]，很可能全部出自少數專業金匠之手。有一些金片有很重的摺痕，說明其被多次摺疊；又如一個愛爾蘭出土的經典型金片，其上紋飾有被試圖抹去的痕跡，然後加上了粗糙型的紋樣^[5]。這些都說明，金片在被埋藏前，很可能經歷了長時間的使用^[4]。金片常出土高地，上常有立石，很少出土在墓葬中，這可能意味著金片不是個人財產，而是集體所有；沼澤中也偶有出土，可能是某種祭祀遺存^[5]。

腳註

^ lunula. British Museum （英語）.
^ Needham, S. Chronology and periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta archaeologica（英語：Acta archaeologica）. 1996, 67: 124 （英語）.
^ Cahill, Mary. John Windele's golden legacy—prehistoric and later gold ornaments from Co. Cork and Co. Waterford. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature. 2006, 106C: 277. ISSN 0035-8991.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Wallace, Patrick F.; O'Floinn, Raghnall (編). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish antiquities. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan Ltd. 2002-11-01. ISBN 978-0-7171-2829-7.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Taylor, Joan J. Bronze Age Goldwork: Of the British Isles. Gulbenkian archaeological Series. Cambridge: University Press. 1980. ISBN 978-0-521-20802-4.

來源

Taylor, J.J. 1968. "Early Bronze Age Gold Neck-Rings in Western Europe" in Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 34, pp. 259–266
Taylor, J.J. 1970. "Lunulae Reconsidered" in Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 36, pp. 38–81, also in
Taylor, Joan J. 1980, Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles, 1980, Cambridge University Press, google books
Waddell, John. The Prehistoric Archaeology of Ireland. Galway: Galway University Press, 1998. ISBN 978-1-8698-5739-4

[1] unula. British Museum （英語）.

[2] Needham, S. Chronology and periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta archaeologica（英語：Acta archaeologica）. 1996, 67: 124 （英語）.

[3] Cahill, Mary. John Windele's golden legacy—prehistoric and later gold ornaments from Co. Cork and Co. Waterford. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature. 2006, 106C: 277. ISSN 0035-8991.

[:0-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Wallace, Patrick F.; O'Floinn, Raghnall (編). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish antiquities. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan Ltd. 2002-11-01. ISBN 978-0-7171-2829-7.

[:1-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Taylor, Joan J. Bronze Age Goldwork: Of the British Isles. Gulbenkian archaeological Series. Cambridge: University Press. 1980. ISBN 978-0-521-20802-4.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]