新月金片

新月金片（gold lunula）是一种欧洲新石器时代晚期至青铜时代早期独特的颈、肩或胸部饰品，主要发现于爱尔兰，不列颠岛到欧洲大陆西岸也有发现。其形状类似新月，通常扁平而薄，两端常呈近圆铲形并扭转45-90度。考古学家将其分为三种类型：经典型、粗糙型和地方型。其制作年代虽未经过直接定年，但根据共出的器物判断，可能是公元前2400-前2000年之间^[1]^[2]，爱尔兰一个存储新月金片的木箱的碳14测年结果为公元前2460-前2040年^[3]。

在迄今出土的100多个新月金片中，有80多个来自爱尔兰^[4]，很可能全部出自少数专业金匠之手。有一些金片有很重的折痕，说明其被多次折叠；又如一个爱尔兰出土的经典型金片，其上纹饰有被试图抹去的痕迹，然后加上了粗糙型的纹样^[5]。这些都说明，金片在被埋藏前，很可能经历了长时间的使用^[4]。金片常出土高地，上常有立石，很少出土在墓葬中，这可能意味着金片不是个人财产，而是集体所有；沼泽中也偶有出土，可能是某种祭祀遗存^[5]。

脚注

^ lunula. British Museum （英语）.
^ Needham, S. Chronology and periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta archaeologica（英语：Acta archaeologica）. 1996, 67: 124 （英语）.
^ Cahill, Mary. John Windele's golden legacy—prehistoric and later gold ornaments from Co. Cork and Co. Waterford. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature. 2006, 106C: 277. ISSN 0035-8991.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Wallace, Patrick F.; O'Floinn, Raghnall (编). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish antiquities. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan Ltd. 2002-11-01. ISBN 978-0-7171-2829-7.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Taylor, Joan J. Bronze Age Goldwork: Of the British Isles. Gulbenkian archaeological Series. Cambridge: University Press. 1980. ISBN 978-0-521-20802-4.

来源

Taylor, J.J. 1968. "Early Bronze Age Gold Neck-Rings in Western Europe" in Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 34, pp. 259–266
Taylor, J.J. 1970. "Lunulae Reconsidered" in Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 36, pp. 38–81, also in
Taylor, Joan J. 1980, Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles, 1980, Cambridge University Press, google books
Waddell, John. The Prehistoric Archaeology of Ireland. Galway: Galway University Press, 1998. ISBN 978-1-8698-5739-4

[1] unula. British Museum （英语）.

[2] Needham, S. Chronology and periodisation in the British Bronze Age. Acta archaeologica（英语：Acta archaeologica）. 1996, 67: 124 （英语）.

[3] Cahill, Mary. John Windele's golden legacy—prehistoric and later gold ornaments from Co. Cork and Co. Waterford. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature. 2006, 106C: 277. ISSN 0035-8991.

[:0-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Wallace, Patrick F.; O'Floinn, Raghnall (编). Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland: Irish antiquities. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan Ltd. 2002-11-01. ISBN 978-0-7171-2829-7.

[:1-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Taylor, Joan J. Bronze Age Goldwork: Of the British Isles. Gulbenkian archaeological Series. Cambridge: University Press. 1980. ISBN 978-0-521-20802-4.

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