斯里
外观
佛教 |
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印度教 |
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斯里(巴利语:သိရိ或සිරි或សិរិ Siri),又译作师利(梵文:𑖫𑖿𑖨𑖱 Śrī,藏体:ཤྲཱི,天城体:श्री)、室利、尸利、“西”、“师里”、“斯瑞”等,是源自于梵文的前缀词语,常在东亚、东南亚、南亚的佛教、印度教、耆那教地区以及俄罗斯佛教地区使用。
斯里的本意是“光明”、“荣耀”、“光荣”、“美观”,引申义有“庄严”、“吉祥”,古文佛典里多音译作师利、室利或意译作吉祥、庄严、威德,如文殊师利菩萨(Mañjuśri),又译曼殊室利菩萨,意译“妙吉祥”;大吉祥天女(Mahāśrī)也译为“摩诃室利”。而用在人名前时,应译作“先生”、“女士”,或“吉”、“圣”,亦可不译(有时这个词在一些人名面前会被重复多次,以示尊敬)[1];如斯瑞·奥罗宾多(Śrī Arabinda)。在地名前时,常意译作“圣”、“吉”,或不译,有时也有译作“斯里”、“师里”等。这个词在神灵名称前时翻译为“圣”。斯里的词根原指一神灵。[2][3]
在各语言中的形式
[编辑]语言文字 | 写法 | 注释 |
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阿萨姆语 | শ্রী | |
孟加拉语 | শ্রী | |
天城文 | श्री | |
印尼语 | Sri | 常用于人名前 |
爪哇语 | ꦱꦿꦶ(Sri) | 常用于人名前 |
卡纳达语 | ಶ್ರೀ | |
马来语 | سري(Seri) | |
马拉雅拉姆语 | ശ്രീ | |
缅甸语 | သီရိ(Thiri) | |
奥里雅语 | ଶ୍ରୀ | |
旁遮普语 | ਸ਼੍ਰੀ | |
僧伽罗语 | ශ්රී | |
淡米尔语 | ஸ்ரீ(Shre,Shree) | |
泰卢固语 | శ్రీ | |
泰语 | ศิริ(Siri)、ศรี(Sri、Si) | 常用作爵名或地名前 |
参见
[编辑]来源
[编辑]- ^ Howard Measures. Styles of address: a manual of usage in writing and in speech. Macmillan. 1962: 136, 140 [19 January 2011]. (原始内容存档于2014-01-01).
- ^ Turner, Sir Ralph Lilley; Dorothy Rivers Turner. A comparative dictionary of the Indo-Aryan languages.. London: Oxford University Press,. January 2006: 736 [1962] [22 April 2010]. (原始内容存档于2012-12-15).
śrīˊ 12708 śrīˊ feminine ' light, beauty ' R̥gveda, ' welfare, riches ' Avestan (Iranian) Pali Prakrit sirī – feminine, Prakrit sī – feminine ' prosperity '; Marāṭhī – s honorific affix to names of relationship (e.g. āj̈ā – s, ājī – s) Jules Bloch La Formation de la Langue Marathe Paris 1920, page 412. – Sinhalese siri ' health, happiness ' (Wilhelm Geiger An Etymological Glossary of the Sinhalese Language Colombo 1941, page 180) a loanword from Pali <-> See addendum śrḗyas – , śrḗṣṭha – . See Addenda: śrīˊ – occurring for the first time in Addenda : śrīparṇī – .
- ^ Apte, Vaman Shivaram. Revised and enlarged edition of Prin. V. S. Apte's The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary. Prasad Prakashan. 1957–59: 1575.
1 Wealth, riches, affluence, prosperity, plenty; ... -2 Royalty, majesty, royal wealth;... -3 Dignity, high position, state;... -4 Beauty, grace, splendour, lustre;... -5 Colour, aspect; ... -6 The goddess of wealth, Lak-ṣmī, the wife of Viṣṇu;... -7 Any virtue or excellence. -8 Decoration. -9 Intellect, understanding. -1 Super- human power. -11 The three objects of human existence taken collectively (धर्म, अर्थ and काम). -12 The Sarala tree. -13 The Bilva tree. -14 Cloves. -15 A lotus. -16 The twelfth digit of the moon. -17 N. of Sarasvatī, (the goddess of speech). -18 Speech. -19 Fame, glory. -2 The three Vedas (वेदत्रयी);... -m. N. of one of the six Rāgas or musical modes. -a. Splendid, radiant, adorning. (The word श्री is often used as an honorific prefix to the names of deities and eminent persons; श्रीकृष्णः, श्रीरामः, श्रिवाल्मीकिः, श्रीजयदेवः; also celebrated works, generally of a sacred character; श्रीभागवत, श्रीरामायण)&c.; it is also used as an auspicious sign at the commencement of letters, manuscripts &c