斯里
外觀
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印度教 |
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斯里(巴利語:သိရိ或සිරි或សិរិ Siri),又譯作師利(梵文:𑖫𑖿𑖨𑖱 Śrī,藏體:ཤྲཱི,天城體:श्री)、室利、尸利、「西」、「師里」、「斯瑞」等,是源自於梵文的前綴詞語,常在東亞、東南亞、南亞的佛教、印度教、耆那教地區以及俄羅斯佛教地區使用。
斯里的本意是「光明」、「榮耀」、「光榮」、「美觀」,引申義有「莊嚴」、「吉祥」,古文佛典裏多音譯作師利、室利或意譯作吉祥、莊嚴、威德,如文殊師利菩薩(Mañjuśri),又譯曼殊室利菩薩,意譯「妙吉祥」;大吉祥天女(Mahāśrī)也譯為「摩訶室利」。而用在人名前時,應譯作「先生」、「女士」,或「吉」、「聖」,亦可不譯(有時這個詞在一些人名面前會被重複多次,以示尊敬)[1];如斯瑞·奧羅賓多(Śrī Arabinda)。在地名前時,常意譯作「聖」、「吉」,或不譯,有時也有譯作「斯里」、「師里」等。這個詞在神靈名稱前時翻譯為「聖」。斯里的詞根原指一神靈。[2][3]
在各語言中的形式
[編輯]語言文字 | 寫法 | 註釋 |
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阿薩姆語 | শ্রী | |
孟加拉語 | শ্রী | |
天城文 | श्री | |
印尼語 | Sri | 常用於人名前 |
爪哇語 | ꦱꦿꦶ(Sri) | 常用於人名前 |
卡納達語 | ಶ್ರೀ | |
馬來語 | سري(Seri) | |
馬拉雅拉姆語 | ശ്രീ | |
緬甸語 | သီရိ(Thiri) | |
奧里雅語 | ଶ୍ରୀ | |
旁遮普語 | ਸ਼੍ਰੀ | |
僧伽羅語 | ශ්රී | |
泰米爾語 | ஸ்ரீ(Shre,Shree) | |
泰盧固語 | శ్రీ | |
泰語 | ศิริ(Siri)、ศรี(Sri、Si) | 常用作爵名或地名前 |
參見
[編輯]來源
[編輯]- ^ Howard Measures. Styles of address: a manual of usage in writing and in speech. Macmillan. 1962: 136, 140 [19 January 2011]. (原始內容存檔於2014-01-01).
- ^ Turner, Sir Ralph Lilley; Dorothy Rivers Turner. A comparative dictionary of the Indo-Aryan languages.. London: Oxford University Press,. January 2006: 736 [1962] [22 April 2010]. (原始內容存檔於2012-12-15).
śrīˊ 12708 śrīˊ feminine ' light, beauty ' R̥gveda, ' welfare, riches ' Avestan (Iranian) Pali Prakrit sirī – feminine, Prakrit sī – feminine ' prosperity '; Marāṭhī – s honorific affix to names of relationship (e.g. āj̈ā – s, ājī – s) Jules Bloch La Formation de la Langue Marathe Paris 1920, page 412. – Sinhalese siri ' health, happiness ' (Wilhelm Geiger An Etymological Glossary of the Sinhalese Language Colombo 1941, page 180) a loanword from Pali <-> See addendum śrḗyas – , śrḗṣṭha – . See Addenda: śrīˊ – occurring for the first time in Addenda : śrīparṇī – .
- ^ Apte, Vaman Shivaram. Revised and enlarged edition of Prin. V. S. Apte's The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary. Prasad Prakashan. 1957–59: 1575.
1 Wealth, riches, affluence, prosperity, plenty; ... -2 Royalty, majesty, royal wealth;... -3 Dignity, high position, state;... -4 Beauty, grace, splendour, lustre;... -5 Colour, aspect; ... -6 The goddess of wealth, Lak-ṣmī, the wife of Viṣṇu;... -7 Any virtue or excellence. -8 Decoration. -9 Intellect, understanding. -1 Super- human power. -11 The three objects of human existence taken collectively (धर्म, अर्थ and काम). -12 The Sarala tree. -13 The Bilva tree. -14 Cloves. -15 A lotus. -16 The twelfth digit of the moon. -17 N. of Sarasvatī, (the goddess of speech). -18 Speech. -19 Fame, glory. -2 The three Vedas (वेदत्रयी);... -m. N. of one of the six Rāgas or musical modes. -a. Splendid, radiant, adorning. (The word श्री is often used as an honorific prefix to the names of deities and eminent persons; श्रीकृष्णः, श्रीरामः, श्रिवाल्मीकिः, श्रीजयदेवः; also celebrated works, generally of a sacred character; श्रीभागवत, श्रीरामायण)&c.; it is also used as an auspicious sign at the commencement of letters, manuscripts &c