獨立主格結構

在英語語法中，獨立主格結構（英語：nominative absolute）是一種獨立結構。它是一個句子的一部分，用作句子的修飾語（通常位於句子的開頭或結尾）。獨立主格結構提供有關主句主語和動詞的附加信息。在其他印歐語系語言中，與之類似的還有拉丁語的獨立離格結構、古希臘語的獨立屬格結構和梵語中的獨立方位格結構。

獨立主格結構的一般結構是一個常規名詞或一個代詞的主格形式，加上一個不含限定動詞的謂語。

識別獨立主格結構的一種方法是添加連詞和動詞：人們通常（儘管並非總是）可以通過添加從屬連詞（如because或when）及be動詞的一個形式來將獨立主格結構轉化為一個從句。

例子：

包含獨立主格結構的句子	轉化後的主從複句	句意
The dragon slain, the knight took his rest.	Because the dragon was slain, the knight took his rest.	因為龍被殺死了，騎士就休息了。
The battle over, the soldiers trudged back to the camp.	When the battle was over, the soldiers trudged back to the camp.	戰鬥結束後，士兵們跋涉回到營地。
The truck finally loaded, they said goodbye and drove off.	After the truck was finally loaded, they said goodbye and drove off.	卡車終於裝好後，他們告別並開車離開了。
We sit side by side, our legs touching, comfortable in the warm silence our two bodies create.	With our legs touching, we sit side by side, comfortable in the warm silence our two bodies create.	我們並排坐着，雙腿相觸，在兩個身體創造的溫暖寂靜中感到舒適。
Spring advancing, the swallows arrived.	When spring was advancing, the swallows arrived.	當春天來臨時，燕子來了。

參考文獻

• Absolute Constructions from the American Heritage Book of English Usage (1996).
• Nominative Absolute Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
• Nominative Absolute Collins Dictionary.