鯉科
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鯉科![]() 化石時期:
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麥穗魚(Pseudorasbora parva) | |
科學分類 ![]() | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
綱: | 條鰭魚綱 Actinopteri |
目: | 鯉形目 Cypriniformes |
亞目: | 鯉亞目 Cyprinoidei |
科: | 鯉科 Cyprinidae Rafinesque, 1815 |
亞科 | |
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鯉科是鯉形目下種類最多的一個科,包括約200有效屬、約2000現生種[1][2](具體數目隨着新發現及相關各科定義的變化,在有關專家學者當中未有定論)。中國共有約132屬532種和亞種,其中包括鯉魚、鯽魚等常見魚類。此科魚的特徵是有魚鬚、有咽齒沒脂鰭。鯉科一族分布於歐亞大陸、北美、非洲。最大的鯉魚—巨暹羅鯉(Catlocarpio siamensis)可以長到3米長,300公斤。黃鰭結魚(Tor putitora),可以長到2.75米長,54公斤。結魚(Tor tor),可以長到2米長,9公斤。在北美分支中的尖頭葉唇魚(Ptychocheilus lucius)單體記錄為1.8米長,45公斤。
與之相對的,有很多種類的體長不足5厘米。透體小𱆥發育成熟後體長僅11毫米,而2006年發現的微鯉更僅有7.9毫米。鯉科的所有成員均為卵生,大部分不保護他們的卵。但是,有一些種類建魚窩或護卵。鰟鮍類的魚會將卵產於貝類體內,新生的小魚直到有能力生存後才離開寄主。
特徵
[編輯]本科魚外觀體型差異極大。一般為紡錘形或長形,側扁或稍側扁,口由前上頷骨與下頷骨組成,能伸縮。上下頷皆無齒,但由最後一對鰓之腹面特化成1至3行咽頭齒,每行少於8枚齒,與頭骨腹面的角質後墊形成咀嚼構造。通常具有1至2對鬚或無鬚。背鰭1枚,其前部有2至4根不分枝鰭條,腹鰭腹位,尾鰭叉形或深叉形。體被圓鱗,少數種類鱗片變小或退化。腹鰭基部一般均具有狹長腋鱗。
分類
[編輯]鯉科下分約200有效屬,如下:
- 曲鯉 Aaptosyax grypus
- Abbottina binhi
- 拉林棒花魚 Abbottina lalinensis
- 遼寧棒花魚 Abbottina liaoningensis
- 鈍吻棒花魚 Abbottina obtusirostris
- 棒花魚 Abbottina rivularis
- 斯氏棒花魚 Abbottina springeri
- 刺鮈 Acanthogobio guentheri
- 坦噶尼喀魮 Acapoeta tanganicae
- 北梭短吻魚 Albulichthys albuloides
- 阿氏鈍齒魚 Amblypharyngodon atkinsonii
- 泰國鈍齒魚 Amblypharyngodon chulabhornae
- 鈍齒魚 Amblypharyngodon melettinus :又稱赤嵌鈍齒魚。
- 印度鈍齒魚 Amblypharyngodon microlepis
- 磨齒鈍齒魚 Amblypharyngodon mola
- Amblyrhynchichthys micracanthus
- 截尾鈍吻魮 Amblyrhynchichthys truncatus
- 半盲近金線䰾 Anchicyclocheilus halfibindus
- 新疆扁吻魚 Aspiorhynchus laticeps :又稱新疆大頭魚。
Aspius屬
[編輯]- Balantiocheilos ambusticauda Ng & Kottelat 2007 [4]
- 黑鰭袋唇魚 Balantiocheilos melanopterus (Bleeker, 1850),基異名:Barbus melanopterus Bleeker, 1850
- 光髯魮 Barbichthys laevis (Valenciennes, 1842),基異名:Barbus laevis Valenciennes, 1842
- 高身四鬚魮 Barbonymus altus
- 似巴勒四鬚魮 Barbonymus balleroides
- 科氏四鬚魮 Barbonymus collingwoodii
- 爪哇四鬚魮 Barbonymus gonionotus :又稱喬氏四鬚魮。
- 施氏魮 Barbonymus schwanenfeldii :又稱施瓦氏四鬚魮。
- 德氏小髯魮 Barbopsis devecchii
- 貝克氏低線鱲 Barilius bakeri
- 滇西低線鱲 Barilius barila :又稱芒氏𱆥。
- 巴納低線鱲 Barilius barna
- 本迪爾低線鱲 Barilius bendilisis
- 伯納特低線鱲 Barilius bernatziki
- Barilius bonarensis
- 博爾尼低線鱲 Barilius borneensis
- 卡尼亞爾低線鱲 Barilius canarensis :又名印度真馬口波魚
- 斑尾低線鱲 Barilius caudiocellatues
- Barilius chatricensis
- 松河低線鱲 Barilius dimorphicus
- 多氏低線鱲 Barilius dogarsinghi
- 伊夫氏低線鱲 Barilius evezardi
- 蓋茨山低線鱲 Barilius gatensis
- 泰國低線鱲 Barilius huahinensis
- Barilius infrafasciatus
- Barilius lairokensis
- 中河低線鱲 Barilius mesopotamicus
- 靜低線鱲 Barilius modestus
- Barilius naseeri
- Barilius nelsoni
- Barilius ngawa
- 飾妝低線鱲 Barilius ornatus
- 糙低線鱲 Barilius ponticulus
- Barilius pakistanicus
- Barilius ponticulus
- 輻邊低線鱲 Barilius radiolatus
- 印度低線鱲 Barilius shacra
- 蒂萊低線鱲 Barilius tileo
- 漫遊低線鱲 Barilius vagra
Betadevario屬
[編輯]- Betadevario ramachandrani Pramod, Fang, Rema Devi, Liao, Indra, Jameela Beevi & Kullander, 2010[5]
Bhava屬
[編輯]- Bhava vittata ,原為Puntius vittata[6]
- Biwia tama
- Biwia yodoensis
- 琵琶湖鮈 Biwia zezera
- 白氏泰波魚 Boraras brigittae
- 斑紋泰波魚 Boraras maculatus
- 小泰波魚 Boraras merah :又稱紅體波魚。
- 三斑泰波魚 Boraras micros
- 斑點泰波魚 Boraras naevus
- 擬尾眼泰波魚 Boraras urophthalmoides :又稱似睛尾波魚。
Brevibora屬
[編輯]Brevibora Liao, Kullander & Fang, 2010[7]
- Brevibora cheeya Liao & Tan, 2011[8]
- 背點波魚 Brevibora dorsiocellata (Duncker, 1904)
- Brevibora exilis Liao & Tan, 2014[9]
- 瞎眼魮 Caecobarbus geertsii
- 盲鯉 Caecocypris basimi
Carasobarbus屬
[編輯]- 沙特阿拉伯魮 Carasobarbus apoensis
- 類犬魮 Carasobarbus canis
- 錢特氏魮 Carasobarbus chantrei
- 逐魮 Carasobarbus exulatus
- 黃體魮 Carasobarbus luteus
- 鬚鯽 Carassioides acuminatus
- Carassioides argentea
- Carassioides macropterus
- Carassius auratus argenteaphthalmus
- 鯽 Carassius auratus auratus
- 布氏鯽 Carassius auratus burgeri
- 大眼鯽 Carassius auratus grandoculis :又稱長背鯽。
- 蘭氏鯽 Carassius auratus langsdorfii
- 黑鯽 Carassius carassius
- 高身鯽 Carassius cuvieri :又稱日本白鯽。
- 銀鯽 Carassius gibelio
- 卡特拉魮 Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822),為Gibelion catla (Hamilton, 1822)的異名
- 元寶鯿 Chela cachius
- Chela khujairokensis
- 比氏埃塞魚 Chelaethiops bibie :又稱短臀埃塞魚。
- 康吉埃塞魚 Chelaethiops congicus
- 長體埃塞魚 Chelaethiops elongatus
- 小埃塞魚 Chelaethiops minutus
- 魯夸湖埃塞魚 Chelaethiops rukwaensis
Clypeobarbus屬
[編輯]- 貝爾氏魮 Clypeobarbus bellcrossi
- Clypeobarbus bomokandi
- 康吉魮 Clypeobarbus congicus
- 高鱗魮 Clypeobarbus hypsolepis
- 腹鱗魮 Clypeobarbus pleuropholis
- 擬頜齒魮 Clypeobarbus pseudognathodon
- 斯考特氏魮 Clypeobarbus schoutedeni
- 巴門褶吻鯪 Cophecheilus bamen Zhu, Zhang, Zhang & Han, 2011[12]
- 短鬚褶吻鯪 Cophecheilus brevibarbatus He, Huang, He & Yang, 2015
- 紅鰭方口魮 Cosmochilus cardinalis
- 鐮狀方口魮 Cosmochilus falcifer
- 哈氏方口魮 Cosmochilus harmandi
- 南臘方口魮 Cosmochilus nanlaensis
也稱纓魚屬。
- 天竺圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys apogon
- 圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys armatus
- 盔圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys enoplus
- 泰國圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys furcatus
- 異絲圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys heteronema
- 詹氏圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys janthochir
- 拉氏圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys lagleri
- 斜口圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys repasson
- Cyclocheilichthys schoppeae
- 中華圓唇魚 Cyclocheilichthys sinensis
- 也門似真小鯉 Cyprinion acinaces acinaces
- 希賈茲似真小鯉 Cyprinion acinaces hijazi
- 伊拉克似真小鯉 Cyprinion kais
- 大口似真小鯉 Cyprinion macrostomus
- 沙特似真小鯉 Cyprinion mhalensis
- 小眼似真小鯉 Cyprinion microphthalmum
- 邁氏似真小鯉 Cyprinion milesi
- Cyprinion semiplotum
- 細線似真小鯉 Cyprinion tenuiradius
- 華生似真小鯉 Cyprinion watsoni
也稱斑馬魚屬。
- Danionella cerebrum Britz, Conway & Rüber, 2021[14]
- 德古拉小𱆥 Danionella dracula :又稱德古拉魚、小吸血鬼魚
- Danionella mirifica
- Danionella priapus
- 透體小𱆥 Danionella translucida
也稱大斑馬魚屬、神𱆥屬、德瓦𱆥屬。
- Devario acrostomus
- 尖頭大𱆥 Devario acuticephala :又稱尖頭斑馬魚、尖頭神𱆥
- 波條大𱆥 Devario aequipinnatus :又稱波條神𱆥、線紋𱆥,也可稱大班馬魚
- Devario affinis
- 阿氏大𱆥 Devario ahlanderi Kullander & Norén, 2022[15]:又稱阿氏德瓦𱆥。
- 安娜大𱆥 Devario annandalei
- Devario anomalus
- 缺鬚大𱆥 Devario apogon
- Devario apopyris
- 阿薩姆大𱆥 Devario assamensis
- 黃紫大𱆥 Devario auropurpureus :又稱紫金斑馬魚、藍琉璃斑馬魚、紫鑽琉璃燈、黃紫神𱆥、紫金非鯉、紫金茵萊湖鯉、琉璃燕子
- 德瓦大𱆥 Devario browni
- 金線大𱆥 Devario chrysotaeniatus :又稱金線大斑馬魚、金線神𱆥
- Devario devario
- 方芳大𱆥 Devario fangfangae [註 1]
- 弗雷澤氏大𱆥 Devario fraseri
- Devario gibber
- Devario horai
- 半線大𱆥 Devario interruptus :又稱紅彩斑馬魚、虹彩斑馬魚、半線神𱆥
- 紅蚌大𱆥 Devario kakhienensis
- 老撾大𱆥 Devario laoensis :又稱麥氏大𱆥。
- Devario leptos
- 泰國大𱆥 Devario maetaengensis :又稱湄塘河非鯉、湄塘河茵萊湖鯉
- 細線大𱆥 Devario malabaricus :又稱大班馬魚、馬拉巴大班馬魚、馬拉巴爾斑馬魚、大神𱆥、馬拉巴𱆥
- 印度大𱆥 Devario manipurensis
- 那加大𱆥 Devario naganensis
- 尼爾大𱆥 Devario neilgherriensis
- 斯里蘭卡大𱆥 Devario pathirana
- Devario peninsulae
- 皇大𱆥 Devario regina :又稱皇神𱆥
- Devario salmonata
- 沙姆大𱆥 Devario shanensis :又稱撣邦德瓦𱆥、沙姆神𱆥、撣邦非鯉
- 桑氏大𱆥 Devario sondhii :又稱火紅金線斑馬魚、火兔斑馬魚、桑氏神𱆥
- 棘大𱆥 Devario spinosus
- Devario strigillifer
- Devario suvatti
- Devario xyrops
- Devario yuensis
Diplocheilichthys屬
[編輯]- Diplocheilichthys jentinkii
- 側帶紋唇魚 Diplocheilichthys pleurotaenia
- 阿氏盤齒魮 Discherodontus ashmeadi
- 黑氏盤齒魮 Discherodontus halei
- 小四鬚魮 Discherodontus parvus
- 施氏盤齒魮 Discherodontus schroederi
- Discogobio antethoracalis
- 雙珠盤鮈 Discogobio bismargaritus
- 短鰾盤鮈 Discogobio brachyphysallidos
- Discogobio caobangi
- Discogobio dienbieni
- 長體盤鮈 Discogobio elongatus
- 寬頭盤鮈 Discogobio laticeps
- 長鬚盤鮈 Discogobio longibarbatus
- 長鰾盤鮈 Discogobio macrophysallidos :又稱多鱗盤鮈。
- Discogobio microstoma
- 多線盤鮈 Discogobio multilineatus
- Discogobio pacboensis
- Discogobio poneventralis
- Discogobio propeanalis
- 四鬚盤鮈 Discogobio tetrabarbatus
- 雲南盤鮈 Discogobio yunnanensis
Discolabeo屬
[編輯]- Discolabeo wuluoheensis Li, Lu & Mao, 1996
- Eirmotus furvus
- Eirmotus insignis
- Eirmotus isthmus
- 十帶連理鱥 Eirmotus octozona
- 短臀鯷波魚 Engraulicypris brevianalis
- Engraulicypris gariepinus Barnard, 1943 [16]
- Engraulicypris howesi Riddin, Bills & Villet, 2016 [16]
- Engraulicypris ngalala Riddin, Bills & Villet, 2016[16]
- 沙丁鯷波魚 Engraulicypris sardella
- 雙色角魚 Epalzeorhynchus bicolor
- 鬚唇角魚 Epalzeorhynchus frenatum
- 麗鰭角魚 Epalzeorhynchus kalopterus
- 泰國雙角魚 Epalzeorhynchus munense
- 阿爾氏長鬚𱆥 Esomus ahli
- 阿爾特斯氏長鬚𱆥 Esomus altus
- 髯長鬚𱆥 Esomus barbatus
- 睛尾長鬚𱆥 Esomus caudiocellatus
- 長鬚𱆥 Esomus danricus
- 線紋長鬚𱆥 Esomus lineatus
- 長身長鬚𱆥 Esomus longimanus
- Esomus malabaricus
- 馬來亞長鬚𱆥 Esomus malayensis
- Esomus manipurensis
- 金長鬚𱆥 Esomus metallicus
- 野長鬚𱆥 Esomus thermoicos
Fangfangia屬
[編輯]- Fangfangia spinicleithralis Britz, Kottelat & Tan, 2012[17]
Folifer屬
[編輯]- 瓣結魚 Folifer brevifilis (Peters, 1881):又稱海南瓣結魚。
- 稀有鮈鯽 Gobiocypris rarus Ye & Fu, 1983
- 新疆裸重唇魚 Gymnodiptychus dybowskii
- 全裸裸重唇魚 Gymnodiptychus integrigymnatus
- 厚唇裸重唇魚 Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus pachycheilus
Haludaria 屬
[編輯]- Haludaria afasciata (Jayaram, 1990)
- Haludaria fasciata (Jerdon, 1849)
- Haludaria kannikattiensis (Arunachalam & Johnson, 2003)
- Haludaria melanampyx (Day, 1865)
- 裂峽魮 Hampala ampalong
- 雙斑裂峽魮 Hampala bimaculata
- 異裂峽魮 Hampala dispar
- 洛氏裂峽魮 Hampala lopezi
- 大鱗裂峽魮 Hampala macrolepidota
- Hampala sabana
- 薩爾溫裂峽魮 Hampala salweenensis
- Hemigrammocapoeta culiciphaga
- 美麗半墨頭魚 Hemigrammocapoeta elegans
- 凱氏半線二鬚魮 Hemigrammocapoeta kemali
- 矮半線二鬚魮 Hemigrammocapoeta nana
- Henicorhynchus lineatus
- Henicorhynchus lobatus
- Henicorhynchus ornatipinnis (Roberts, 1997)
- 暹羅單吻魚 Henicorhynchus siamensis (Sauvage, 1881)[18]
- 'Henicorhynchus' thaitui Nguyen, Ho, Hoang, Wu & Zhang, 2020[19]
- 小頭高原魚 Herzensteinia microcephalus (Herzenstein, 1891)
- 板麼紅水魚 Hongshuia banmo
- 大眼紅水魚 Hongshuia megalophthalmus
- 小口紅水魚 Hongshuia microstomatus :又名小口華纓魚
- 袍里紅水魚 Hongshuia paoli
- 綠霍氏魚 Horadandia atukorali Deraniyagala, 1943[20]
- 布氏霍氏魚 Horadandia brittani Rema Devi & Menon, 1992[20]
- Horalabiosa arunachalami
- 霍氏唇魮 Horalabiosa joshuai
- 印度霍氏唇魮 Horalabiosa palaniensis
也稱茵萊湖鯉屬。
- 傑氏斑馬魚 Inlecypris jayarami (Barman, 1985):又稱薩爾溫江非鯉、雅氏茵萊湖鯉
- 伊朗盲鯉 Iranocypris typhlops
- 婆羅鯉 Kalimantania lawak (Bleeker, 1855),基異名為Systomus lawak Bleeker, 1855
Kosswigobarbus屬
[編輯]- Kosswigobarbus kosswigi (Ladiges, 1960),為Carasobarbus kosswigi (Ladiges, 1960)的異名
Kottelatia屬
[編輯]- 布氏波魚 Kottelatia brittani (Axelrod, 1976),基異名:Rasbora brittani Axelrod, 1976
Labeobarbus屬
[編輯]- Labeobarbus acutirostris
- 小口魮 Labeobarbus aeneus
- 寬口魮 Labeobarbus aspius
- 貝茨氏魮 Labeobarbus batesii
- Labeobarbus brevicauda
- Labeobarbus brevicephalus
- 短刺魮 Labeobarbus brevispinis
- 岬魮 Labeobarbus capensis
- 卡多朿氏魮 Labeobarbus cardozoi
- 尾紋魮 Labeobarbus caudovittatus
- 科林頓氏魮 Labeobarbus codringtonii
- 康皮氏魮 Labeobarbus compiniei
- Labeobarbus crassibarbis
- Labeobarbus dainellii
- Labeobarbus gorgorensis
- Labeobarbus gorguari
- 哈伯氏魮 Labeobarbus habereri
- 間魮 Labeobarbus intermedius :又稱澳洲間魮。
- 約氏魮 Labeobarbus johnstonii
- 大口魮 Labeobarbus kimberleyensis
- 纖魮 Labeobarbus litamba
- Labeobarbus longissimus
- 梭魮 Labeobarbus lucius
- Labeobarbus macrophtalmus
- 軟刺魮 Labeobarbus malacanthus
- 大鱗黃魮 Labeobarbus marequensis
- 姆巴氏魮 Labeobarbus mbami
- Labeobarbus megastoma
- 細絲魮 Labeobarbus micronema
- 蒙戈魮 Labeobarbus mungoensis
- 南非魮 Labeobarbus natalensis
- Labeobarbus nedgia
- Labeobarbus nthuwa
- Labeobarbus osseensis
- Labeobarbus platydorsus
- 細鱗黃魮 Labeobarbus polylepis
- 始祖魮 Labeobarbus progenys
- 羅卡氏魮 Labeobarbus rocadasi
- 羅伊氏魮 Labeobarbus roylii
- Labeobarbus surkis
- Labeobarbus truttiformis
- Labeobarbus tsanensis
- Labeobarbus versluysii
- Labiobarbus cyanopareja
- 條紋長背魮 Labiobarbus fasciatus
- 長背魮 Labiobarbus festivus
- 薄長背魮 Labiobarbus lamellifer
- 細唇長背魮 Labiobarbus leptocheilus :又稱居氏長背魮、緬甸長背魮。
- Labiobarbus lineatus
- 睛斑長背魮 Labiobarbus ocellatus
- 沙巴長背魮 Labiobarbus sabanus
- 暹羅長背魮 Labiobarbus siamensis :又稱胸斑長背魮。
Ladislavia屬
[編輯]- 平口鮈 Ladislavia taczanowskii
Laocypris屬
[編輯]- 眼點元寶鯿 Laubuka caeruleostigmata
- 印度元寶鯿 Laubuka dadiburjori
- 條紋元寶鯿 Laubuka fasciata
- Laubuka insularis
- Laubuka lankensis
- 翼元寶鯿 Laubuka laubuca
- Laubuka ruhuna
- Laubuka varuna
- 美臀魚 Lepidopygopsis typus
- 何氏細鬚魮 Leptobarbus hoevenii
- 霍氏細鬚魮 Leptobarbus hosii
- 暗鰭細鬚魮 Leptobarbus melanopterus
- 暗帶細鬚魮 Leptobarbus melanotaenia
- 紅鰭細鬚魮 Leptobarbus rubripinna
- 纓瘦波魚 Leptocypris crossensis
- 幾內亞瘦波魚 Leptocypris guineensis
- 孔庫瘦波魚 Leptocypris konkoureensis
- 盧氏瘦波魚 Leptocypris lujae
- 瘦波魚 Leptocypris modestus
- 尼羅河瘦波魚 Leptocypris niloticus :又稱尼羅低線鱲。
- 泰恩瘦波魚 Leptocypris taiaensis
- 威氏瘦波魚 Leptocypris weeksii :又稱威氏長嘴鱲。
- 韋氏瘦波魚 Leptocypris weynsii
- 寬頭四鬚魮 Linichthys laticeps ,寬頭林氏䰾,寬頭四須䰾
Longanalus屬
[編輯]- 博氏魮 Luciobarbus bocagei
- 短頭魮 Luciobarbus brachycephalus
- 團頭魮 Luciobarbus capito :又稱錐首魮。
- 黑海魮 Luciobarbus caspius
- 伊比利亞魮 Luciobarbus comizo
- 埃氏魮 Luciobarbus escherichii
- 犬魮 Luciobarbus esocinus
- 希臘魮 Luciobarbus graecus
- 格雷爾氏魮 Luciobarbus graelsii
- 圭拉魮 Luciobarbus guiraonis
- Luciobarbus kersin
- 科斯氏魮 Luciobarbus kosswigi
- Luciobarbus kottelati
- Luciobarbus lydianus
- 小頭魮 Luciobarbus microcephalus
- 三葉魮 Luciobarbus mursa :又稱稷魮、古拉河鯉。
- Luciobarbus mystaceus
- Luciobarbus pectoralis
- 斯克萊氏魮 Luciobarbus sclateri
- 斯氏魮 Luciobarbus steindachneri
- Luciobarbus xanthopterus
- 布氏梭大口魚 Luciosoma bleekeri
- 佩氏梭大口魚 Luciosoma pellegrini
- 剛毛梭大口魚 Luciosoma setigerum
- 長鰭梭大口魚 Luciosoma spilopleura
- 三線梭大口魚 Luciosoma trinema
Macrhybopsis屬
[編輯]- Macrhybopsis aestivalis (Girard, 1856)
- Macrhybopsis australis (Hubbs & Ortenburger, 1929)
- Macrhybopsis boschungi Gilbert & Mayden, 2017[21]
- Macrhybopsis etnieri Gilbert & Mayden, 2017[21]
- Macrhybopsis gelida (Girard, 1856)
- Macrhybopsis hyostoma (Gilbert, 1884)[21]
- Macrhybopsis marconis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1886)
- Macrhybopsis meeki (Jordan & Evermann, 1896)
- Macrhybopsis pallida Gilbert & Mayden, 2017[21]
- Macrhybopsis storeriana (Kirtland, 1845)
- Macrhybopsis tetranema (Gilbert, 1886)
- Macrhybopsis tomellerii Gilbert & Mayden, 2017[21]
Malayochela屬
[編輯]Megarasbora屬
[編輯]- 印度孟波魚 Megarasbora elanga
- Mekongina bibarba
- 湄公魚 Mekongina erythrospila
- Mekongina lancangensis
Mesopotamichthys屬
[編輯]小徳魚屬(Microdevario)
[編輯]也稱小徳瓦𱆥屬、小大斑馬魚屬。
- 蓋氏小德魚 Microdevario gatesi :蓋氏小波魚
- 庫氏小德魚 Microdevario kubotai :久保田氏小波魚
- 小眼小德魚 Microdevario microphthalma :小眼小波魚
- 微小德魚 Microdevario nana :微小波魚
- 紅身小波魚 Microrasbora rubescens
- 銀色長臀魮 Mystacoleucus argenteus
- 黑背鰭長臀魮 Mystacoleucus atridorsalis
- 月斑長臀魮 Mystacoleucus chilopterus
- Mystacoleucus ectypus
- Mystacoleucus greenwayi
- 細尾長臀魮 Mystacoleucus lepturus
- 長臀魮 Mystacoleucus marginatus
- 帕當長臀魮 Mystacoleucus padangensis
Naziritor屬
[編輯]- 阿里線紋鯿 Nematabramis alestes
- 婆羅洲線紋鯿 Nematabramis borneensis
- 埃氏線紋鯿 Nematabramis everetti
- 斯氏線紋鯿 Nematabramis steindachneri
- 遜線紋鯿 Nematabramis verecundus
Neobarynotus屬
[編輯]- 新波魚 Neobola bottegoi
- 河溪新波魚 Neobola fluviatilis
- Neobola kinondo Bart, Schmidt, Nyingi & Gathua, 2019[22]
- 尼羅新波魚 Neobola nilotica
- 星新波魚 Neobola stellae
- Neolissochilus acutirostris Arunachalam, Sivakumar & Murugan, 2017
- 保山四鬚魮 Neolissochilus baoshanensis (Chen & Yang, 1999):寶山新光唇魚。
- 軟鰭四鬚魮 Neolissochilus benasi (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936):又稱軟鰭新光唇魚。
- Neolissochilus blanci (Pellegrin & Fang, 1940)
- 布萊斯新光唇魚 Neolissochilus blythii (Day, 1870)
- Neolissochilus bovanicus (Day, 1877)
- Neolissochilus capudelphinus Arunachalam, Sivakumar & Murugan, 2017[23]
- 窄身新光唇魚 Neolissochilus compressus (Day, 1870)
- 杜氏新光唇魚 Neolissochilus dukai (Day, 1878)
- 亨氏新光唇魚 Neolissochilus hendersoni
- 異口四鬚魮 Neolissochilus heterostomus
- 墨脫四鬚魮 Neolissochilus hexagonolepis :又稱小鱗光唇魚。
- Neolissochilus hexastichus
- 長翅新光唇魚 Neolissochilus longipinnis
- Neolissochilus namlenensis
- 黑紋新光唇魚 Neolissochilus nigrovittatus
- 少鱗新光唇魚 Neolissochilus paucisquamatus
- Neolissochilus pnar Dahanukar, Sundar, Rangad, Proudlove & Raghavan, 2023[24]
- 似丘新光唇魚 Neolissochilus soroides
- 大棘新光唇魚 Neolissochilus spinulosus
- 斯氏新光唇魚 Neolissochilus stevensonii
- 史氏新光唇魚 Neolissochilus stracheyi
- Neolissochilus subterraneus
- 蘇門答臘新光唇魚 Neolissochilus sumatranus :又稱蘇門答臘光唇魚。
- 蒂氏新光唇魚 Neolissochilus thienemanni
- 特氏新光唇魚 Neolissochilus tweediei
- 飾帶新光唇魚 Neolissochilus vittatus
- Nicholsicypris dorsohorizontalis
- 擬細鯽 Nicholsicypris normalis
- Opsaridium boweni
- 似鯷馬口波魚 Opsaridium engrauloides
- 勒氏馬口波魚 Opsaridium leleupi
- 洛氏馬口波魚 Opsaridium loveridgei
- 斑尾馬口波魚 Opsaridium maculicauda
- 小頭馬口波魚 Opsaridium microcephalum
- 小鱗馬口波魚 Opsaridium microlepis
- 佩氏馬口波魚 Opsaridium peringueyi
- Opsaridium splendens
- 馬拉維馬口波魚 Opsaridium tweddleorum
- 烏斑吉河馬口波魚 Opsaridium ubangense
- 馬口波魚 Opsaridium zambezense
- Opsarius cocsa
- 泰國真馬口波魚 Opsarius koratensis :又稱孟力臘𱆥、南尼低線鱲。
- 麗色低線鱲 Opsarius pulchellus
- 葡萄真馬口波魚 Opsarius putaoensis[25]]]
- 山魮 Oreichthys cosuatis :又稱庫爾格無鬚魮。
- Oreichthys crenuchoides
- Oreichthys parvus
- 短背鰭紋唇魚 Osteochilichthys brevidorsalis
- 斯氏尖裸鯉 Oxygymnocypris stewartii (Lloyd, 1908),基異名:Schizopygopsis stewartii Lloyd, 1908
Paracanthobrama屬
[編輯]- Paleoschizothorax diluculum Yang, Liang, Cai, Chen, Han, Gu, Wang, Bao & Yan, 2022[26]
- 似刺鯿鮈 Paracanthobrama guichenoti Bleeker, 1864
- 條紋似白鮈 Paraleucogobio strigatus
- Parapsilorhynchus discophorus
- 長身副裸吻魚 Parapsilorhynchus elongatus
- 普氏副裸吻魚 Parapsilorhynchus prateri
- Parapsilorhynchus swaini Baliarsingh & Kosygin, 2017[27]
- 觸角副裸吻魚 Parapsilorhynchus tentaculatus
- 台灣副細鯽 Pararasbora moltrechti
Pararhinichthys屬
[編輯]Parasikukia屬
[編輯]- 異華鯪 Parasinilabeo assimilis
- Parasinilabeo longibarbus
- 長體異華鯪 Parasinilabeo longicorpus
- 長鰭異華鯪 Parasinilabeo longiventralis
- Parasinilabeo maculatus
- Parasinilabeo microps
Paraspinibarbus屬
[編輯]- 袋唇魚 Paraspinibarbus alloiopleurus
Parasqualidus屬
[編輯]Parator屬
[編輯]- 葉結魚 Parator zonatus
- 鯨形密耙魚 Pectenocypris balaena
- 密耙魚 Pectenocypris korthausae
- Pectenocypris micromysticetus
- Pectenocypris nigra Wibowo, Ahnelt & Kertamihardja, 2016[28]
- 安氏坑魚 Phreatichthys andruzzii
Placogobio屬
[編輯]- 扁咽齒魚 Platypharodon extremus
- 片唇鮈 Platysmacheilus exiguus
- 長鬚片唇鮈 Platysmacheilus longibarbatus
- 裸腹片唇鮈 Platysmacheilus nudiventris Lo, Yao et Chen[29]
- 鎮江片唇鮈 Platysmacheilus zhenjiangensis [29]
Plesiopuntius屬
[編輯]- Plesiopuntius bimaculatus ,原為Puntius bimaculatus[6]
- 貝茨氏原野鯪 Prolabeo batesi
- 黑前眼野鯪 Prolabeops melanhypoptera
- Prolabeops nyongensis
Protolabeo屬
[編輯]- 非洲擬魮 Pseudobarbus afer
- 糙擬魮 Pseudobarbus asper
- 擬魮 Pseudobarbus burchelli :又稱伯切爾氏魮。
- 伯氏擬魮 Pseudobarbus burgi
- 湧擬魮 Pseudobarbus phlegethon
- 夸氏擬魮 Pseudobarbus quathlambae
- 細擬魮 Pseudobarbus tenuis
- 巴馬擬纓魚 Pseudocrossocheilus bamaensis :又名巴馬繐唇䰾、巴馬穗唇魮
- 柳城擬纓魚 Pseudocrossocheilus liuchengensis
- Pseudocrossocheilus longibullus
- Pseudocrossocheilus nigrovittatus
- Pseudocrossocheilus papillolabrus
- 三齒擬纓魚 Pseudocrossocheilus tridentis :又名三齒華纓魚
- Pseudogobio banggiangensis
- 長吻似鮈 Pseudogobio esocinus
- 桂林似鮈 Pseudogobio guilinensis
- 似鮈 Pseudogobio vaillanti
- 長溝泉水魚 Pseudogyrinocheilus longisulcus Zheng, Chen et Yang, 2010[30]
- 泉水魚 Pseudogyrinocheilus prochilus
- 長麥穗魚 Pseudorasbora elongata
- 斷線麥穗魚 Pseudorasbora interrupta
- 麥穗魚 Pseudorasbora parva :又稱羅漢魚。
- 北方麥穗魚 Pseudorasbora pumila :又稱大麥穗魚。
- 靖西擬金線魮 Pseudosinocyclocheilus jinxiensis
- 中甸葉鬚魚 Ptychobarbus chungtienensis :又稱中甸重唇魚。
- 錐吻葉鬚魚 Ptychobarbus conirostris :又稱錐吻重唇魚。
- 雙鬚葉鬚魚 Ptychobarbus dipogon :又稱雙鬚重唇魚。
- 裸腹葉鬚魚 Ptychobarbus kaznakovi :又稱裸腹重唇魚。
- 扁吻鮈 Pungtungia herzi
- Pungtungia hilgendorfi
- Pungtungia shiraii
Puntigrus 屬
[編輯]- Puntigrus anchisporus (Vaillant, 1902)
- Puntigrus navjotsodhii (Tan, 2012)[31]
- Puntigrus partipentazona (Fowler, 1934)
- Puntigrus pulcher (Rendahl, 1922)
- Puntigrus tetrazona (Bleeker, 1855)
- 印尼魮鯉 Puntioplites bulu
- 鐮魮鯉 Puntioplites falcifer
- 魮鯉 Puntioplites proctozystron
- 爪哇魮鯉 Puntioplites waandersi
也稱小䰾屬。
Qianlabeo屬
[編輯]Rasboroides屬
[編輯]- Rasboroides nigromarginatus (Meinken, 1957)
- Rasboroides pallidus Deraniyagala, 1958[32]
- Rasboroides rohani Batuwita, de Silva & Edirisinghe, 2013[33]
- 珠點波魚 Rasboroides vaterifloris Deraniyagala, 1930[32]
Rasboroides屬
[編輯]- Rasboroides vaterifloris (Deraniyagala, 1930)
Rasbosoma屬
[編輯]- 污斑波魚 Rasbosoma spilocerca (Rainboth & Kottelat, 1987)
- 新耙波拉魚 Rastrineobola argentea
- Rectoris longifinus
- 瀘溪直口鯪 Rectoris luxiensis
- 變形直口鯪 Rectoris mutabilis
- 直口鯪 Rectoris posehensis
- 圓筒吻鮈 Rhinogobio cylindricus
- 湖南吻鮈 Rhinogobio hunanensis
- 大鼻吻鮈 Rhinogobio nasutus
- 吻鮈 Rhinogobio typus
- 長鰭吻鮈 Rhinogobio ventralis
- 花江鱥 Rhynchocypris czekanowskii :又稱徹氏鱥、伊氏鱥。
- 德氏鱥 Rhynchocypris dementjevi
- 拉氏鱥 Rhynchocypris lagowskii
- 焦氏尖頭鱥 Rhynchocypris oxycephalus :又稱綏芬鱥、尖頭鱥。
- 湖鱥 Rhynchocypris percnurus :又稱博茲南鱥、戴氏湖鱥、格但斯克湖鱥、東北湖鱥、薩哈林湖鱥、中伏爾加湖鱥、真帕氏魚。
- 波氏鱥 Rhynchocypris poljakowii
Rohanella屬
[編輯]- Rohanella titteya ,原為Puntius titteya[6]
- 奧氏露魮 Rohtee ogilbii
- 小鱗羅塔魮 Rohteichthys microlepis
- Romanogobio albipinnatus
- 黃河羅馬諾鮈 Romanogobio amplexilabris
- Romanogobio antipai
- Romanogobio banaticus
- Romanogobio belingi
- Romanogobio benacensis
- Romanogobio ciscaucasicus
- Romanogobio elimeius
- 山西羅馬諾鮈 Romanogobio johntreadwelli
- Romanogobio kesslerii
- Romanogobio macropterus
- Romanogobio parvus
- Romanogobio pentatrichus
- Romanogobio persus
- Romanogobio skywalkeri Friedrich, Wiesner, Zangl, Daill, Freyhof & Koblmüller, 2018[34]
- Romanogobio tanaiticus
- 薄身羅馬諾鮈 Romanogobio tenuicorpus
- Romanogobio uranoscopus
- Romanogobio vladykovi
- 遼河突吻鮈 Rostrogobio liaohensis
Sahyadria屬
[編輯]- 薩納魚 Sanagia velifera
- 蛇鮈 Saurogobio dabryi
- 長蛇鮈 Saurogobio dumerili
- 細尾蛇鮈 Saurogobio gracilicaudatus
- 光唇蛇鮈 Saurogobio gymnocheilus
- 無斑蛇鮈 Saurogobio immaculatus
- 滑唇蛇鮈 Saurogobio lissilabris
- 湘江蛇鮈 Saurogobio xiangjiangensis
- 閃光鱥 Sawbwa resplendens Annandale, 1918
- 刺鰭鏟齒魚 Scaphiodonichthys acanthopterus
- Scaphiodonichthys burmanicus
- 長鰭白甲魚 Scaphiodonichthys macracanthus
- 曼谷類鏟頜魚 Scaphognathops bandanensis
- 斯氏類鏟頜魚 Scaphognathops stejnegeri
- Scaphognathops theunensis
- 印尼裂吻魚 Schismatorhynchos endecarhapis Siebert & Tjakrawidjaja, 1998
- 異裂吻魚 Schismatorhynchos heterorhynchos (Bleeker, 1854)
- 馬來亞裂吻魚 Schismatorhynchos holorhynchos Siebert & Tjakrawidjaja, 1998
- Schismatorhynchos lobocheilioides Bleeker, 1855
- 裂吻魚 Schismatorhynchos nukta (Sykes, 1839)
- Schizocypris altidorsalis
- Schizocypris altidorsalis
- 裂鯉 Schizocypris brucei
- 拉氏裂鯉 Schizocypris ladigesi
- 彎額準裂腹魚 Schizopyge curvifrons :又稱小髭準裂腹魚、長鰭準裂腹魚。
- Schizopyge dainellii
- 黑身準裂腹魚 Schizopyge niger :又稱平額腹魚。
- 前腹裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis anteriventris
- 柴達木裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis kessleri
- 嘉陵裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis kialingensis
- 軟刺裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis malacanthus
- 黃河裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis pylzovi
- 高原裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis stoliczkai
- 溫泉裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis thermalis
- 拉薩裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis younghusbandi
- 寶興裸裂尻魚 Schizopygopsis malacanthus baoxingensis
- 印度斧鯉 Securicula gora
- Semiplotus cirrhosus
- Semiplotus manipurensis
- 緬甸半泳鯉 Semiplotus modestus
- Sinilabeo binhluensis
- Sinilabeo brevirostris
- 似鯪華鯪 Sinilabeo cirrhinoides
- Sinilabeo hummeli
- 長鬚華鯪 Sinilabeo longibarbatus
- Sinilabeo longirostris
- 華纓魚 Sinocrossocheilus guizhouensis
- Sinocrossocheilus labiatus
- Sinocrossocheilus megalophthalmus
也稱金線䰾屬。
Snyderichthys屬
[編輯]- 科氏骨尾魚 Snyderichthys copei
Speolabeo屬
[編輯]- Speolabeo hokhanhi Nguyen, Cao, Deng & Zhang, 2018[35]
- Speolabeo musaei (Kottelat & Steiner, 2011)[36]
- 斯普拉特鯉 Spratellicypris palata
- Spinibarbus babeensis
- 鋸齒倒刺魮 Spinibarbus denticulatus :又稱多鱗倒刺魮、雲南倒刺魮。
- 光倒刺魮 Spinibarbus hollandi :又稱何氏棘魞。
- Spinibarbus maensis
- Spinibarbus nammauensis
- Spinibarbus ovalius
- 中華倒刺魮 Spinibarbus sinensis
Sundadanio屬
[編輯]- Sundadanio atomus
- 阿氏波魚 Sundadanio axelrodi
- Sundadanio echinus
- Sundadanio margarition
- Sundadanio gargula
- Sundadanio goblinus
- Sundadanio rubellus
- Sundadanio retiarius
Tanichthys Lin, 1932,也稱鄧魚屬,
- 白腹唐魚 Tanichthys albiventris Li, Bohlen & Liao[37]
- 唐魚 Tanichthys albonubes S. Y. Lin, 1932,種名意為白雲,指其模式產地為白雲山。[37]
- 黃臀唐魚 Tanichthys flavianalis Li, Liao & Shen[37]
- 庫氏唐魚 Tanichthys kuehnei Bohlen, Dvorák, Thang & Šlechtová, 2019[38]
- 賢良江唐魚 Tanichthys micagemmae Freyhof & Herder, 2001
- Tanichthys thacbaensis Nguyen & Ngo, 2001
Tariqilabeo屬
[編輯]- 角魚 Tariqilabeo bicornis
- Tariqilabeo periyarensis
- 多鱗似鮪雅羅魚 Thynnichthys ploylepis
- 沙特似鮪雅羅魚 Thynnichthys sandkhol
- 似鮪雅羅魚 Thynnichthys thynnoides
- 瓦氏似鮪雅羅魚 Thynnichthys vaillanti
- 丁鱥 Tinca tinca
Trigonopoma屬
[編輯]- 埃氏三角波魚 Trigonostigma espei (Meinken, 1967),伊氏波魚
- 亨氏三角波魚 Trigonostigma hengeli (Meinken, 1956),亨氏波魚
- 黑斑三角波魚 Trigonostigma heteromorpha (Duncker, 1904), 異形波魚
- 紅身三角波魚 Trigonostigma somphongsi (Meinken, 1958) ,宋氏波魚[39]
- 截形三角波魚 Trigonostigma truncata Tan, 2020
Troglocyclocheilus屬
[編輯]- Troglocyclocheilus khammouanensis Kottelat & Bréhier, 1999[40]
- 盲墨頭魚 Typhlogarra widdowsoni
- 高鰭突吻魚 Varicorhinus altipinnis
- 安森氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus ansorgii
- Varicorhinus axelrodi
- 比索突吻魚 Varicorhinus beso
- 布氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus brauni
- 倣突吻魚 Varicorhinus capoetoides
- Varicorhinus clarkeae
- Varicorhinus dimidiatus
- 劍形突吻魚 Varicorhinus ensifer
- 纓突吻魚 Varicorhinus fimbriatus
- 兇突吻魚 Varicorhinus iphthimostoma
- 耶格氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus jaegeri
- Varicorhinus jubae
- 偏嘴突吻魚 Varicorhinus latirostris
- 李利突吻魚 Varicorhinus leleupanus
- 長背突吻魚 Varicorhinus longidorsalis
- 盧福突吻魚 Varicorhinus lufupensis
- 大鱗突吻魚 Varicorhinus macrolepidotus
- 瑪麗亞突吻魚 Varicorhinus mariae
- Varicorhinus maroccanus
- 南非突吻魚 Varicorhinus nelspruitensis
- 皮氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus pellegrini
- 平口突吻魚 Varicorhinus platystomus
- 品味突吻魚 Varicorhinus pungweensis
- Varicorhinus robertsi
- 盧安達突吻魚 Varicorhinus ruandae
- 魯氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus ruwenzorii
- 桑氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus sandersi
- 半網紋突吻魚 Varicorhinus semireticulatus
- 斯坦氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus steindachneri
- 直口突吻魚 Varicorhinus stenostoma
- 托尼氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus tornieri
- 烏奔突吻魚 Varicorhinus upembensis
- 尖嘴突吻魚 Varicorhinus varicostoma
- 沃納氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus werneri
- 威氏突吻魚 Varicorhinus wittei
- Varicorhinus xyrocheilus
- 洛氏奇鬚鯉 Xenobarbus loveridgei
- 鰩山鯉 Yaoshanicus arcus
- Yaoshanicus kyphus
經濟利用
[編輯]本科魚為各國重要的垂釣種及養殖魚類,多數可食用,頗具經濟價值,是合各種烹飪方式。另外一些種類體色艷麗,適合做為觀賞魚。
本科魚類全部為淡水魚;不僅種類繁多,其分布也廣泛,各種水體皆有其分布。其食性也因魚種而不同,各種食性之魚種皆有。
注釋
[編輯]- ^ 以方芳命名。方芳(Fang Fang Kullander),中國及瑞典魚類學家,曾在中國科學院動物研究所及瑞典國家自然歷史博物館從事淡水魚類研究工作,2010年病逝於瑞典。鯉科兩魚類新種及𱆥亞科新屬方芳屬是以她命名,以作紀念。
- ^ 以秉志命名。
- ^ 以張春霖命名。
參考文獻
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外部連結
[編輯]- Cyprinella leedsi Photo and Information at MBL Aquaculture
- Pimephales promelas, Fathead Minnow, Photo and Information at MBL Aquaculture (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
參見
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