鲤科
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鲤科![]() 化石时期:
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麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva) | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 辐鳍鱼纲 Actinopteri |
目: | 鲤形目 Cypriniformes |
亚目: | 鲤亚目 Cyprinoidei |
科: | 鲤科 Cyprinidae Rafinesque, 1815 |
亚科 | |
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鲤科是鲤形目下种类最多的一个科,包括约200有效属、约2000现生种[1][2](具体数目随着新发现及相关各科定义的变化,在有关专家学者当中未有定论)。中国共有约132属532种和亚种,其中包括鲤鱼、鲫鱼等常见鱼类。此科鱼的特征是有鱼须、有咽齿没脂鳍。鲤科一族分布于欧亚大陆、北美、非洲。最大的鲤鱼—巨暹罗鲤(Catlocarpio siamensis)可以长到3米长,300公斤。黄鳍结鱼(Tor putitora),可以长到2.75米长,54公斤。结鱼(Tor tor),可以长到2米长,9公斤。在北美分支中的尖头叶唇鱼(Ptychocheilus lucius)单体记录为1.8米长,45公斤。
与之相对的,有很多种类的体长不足5厘米。透体小鿕发育成熟后体长仅11毫米,而2006年发现的微鲤更仅有7.9毫米。鲤科的所有成员均为卵生,大部分不保护他们的卵。但是,有一些种类建鱼窝或护卵。鳑鲏类的鱼会将卵产于贝类体内,新生的小鱼直到有能力生存后才离开寄主。
特征
[编辑]本科鱼外观体型差异极大。一般为纺锤形或长形,侧扁或稍侧扁,口由前上颔骨与下颔骨组成,能伸缩。上下颔皆无齿,但由最后一对鳃之腹面特化成1至3行咽头齿,每行少于8枚齿,与头骨腹面的角质后垫形成咀嚼构造。通常具有1至2对须或无须。背鳍1枚,其前部有2至4根不分枝鳍条,腹鳍腹位,尾鳍叉形或深叉形。体被圆鳞,少数种类鳞片变小或退化。腹鳍基部一般均具有狭长腋鳞。
分类
[编辑]鲤科下分约200有效属,如下:
- 曲鲤 Aaptosyax grypus
- Abbottina binhi
- 拉林棒花鱼 Abbottina lalinensis
- 辽宁棒花鱼 Abbottina liaoningensis
- 钝吻棒花鱼 Abbottina obtusirostris
- 棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis
- 斯氏棒花鱼 Abbottina springeri
- 刺𬶋 Acanthogobio guentheri
- 坦噶尼喀魮 Acapoeta tanganicae
- 北梭短吻鱼 Albulichthys albuloides
- 阿氏钝齿鱼 Amblypharyngodon atkinsonii
- 泰国钝齿鱼 Amblypharyngodon chulabhornae
- 钝齿鱼 Amblypharyngodon melettinus :又称赤嵌钝齿鱼。
- 印度钝齿鱼 Amblypharyngodon microlepis
- 磨齿钝齿鱼 Amblypharyngodon mola
- Amblyrhynchichthys micracanthus
- 截尾钝吻魮 Amblyrhynchichthys truncatus
- 半盲近金线鲃 Anchicyclocheilus halfibindus
- 新疆扁吻鱼 Aspiorhynchus laticeps :又称新疆大头鱼。
Aspius属
[编辑]- Balantiocheilos ambusticauda Ng & Kottelat 2007 [4]
- 黑鳍袋唇鱼 Balantiocheilos melanopterus (Bleeker, 1850),基异名:Barbus melanopterus Bleeker, 1850
- 光髯魮 Barbichthys laevis (Valenciennes, 1842),基异名:Barbus laevis Valenciennes, 1842
- 高身四须魮 Barbonymus altus
- 似巴勒四须魮 Barbonymus balleroides
- 科氏四须魮 Barbonymus collingwoodii
- 爪哇四须魮 Barbonymus gonionotus :又称乔氏四须魮。
- 施氏魮 Barbonymus schwanenfeldii :又称施瓦氏四须魮。
- 德氏小髯魮 Barbopsis devecchii
- 贝克氏低线鱲 Barilius bakeri
- 滇西低线鱲 Barilius barila :又称芒氏鿕。
- 巴纳低线鱲 Barilius barna
- 本迪尔低线鱲 Barilius bendilisis
- 伯纳特低线鱲 Barilius bernatziki
- Barilius bonarensis
- 博尔尼低线鱲 Barilius borneensis
- 卡尼亚尔低线鱲 Barilius canarensis :又名印度真马口波鱼
- 斑尾低线鱲 Barilius caudiocellatues
- Barilius chatricensis
- 松河低线鱲 Barilius dimorphicus
- 多氏低线鱲 Barilius dogarsinghi
- 伊夫氏低线鱲 Barilius evezardi
- 盖茨山低线鱲 Barilius gatensis
- 泰国低线鱲 Barilius huahinensis
- Barilius infrafasciatus
- Barilius lairokensis
- 中河低线鱲 Barilius mesopotamicus
- 静低线鱲 Barilius modestus
- Barilius naseeri
- Barilius nelsoni
- Barilius ngawa
- 饰妆低线鱲 Barilius ornatus
- 糙低线鱲 Barilius ponticulus
- Barilius pakistanicus
- Barilius ponticulus
- 辐边低线鱲 Barilius radiolatus
- 印度低线鱲 Barilius shacra
- 蒂莱低线鱲 Barilius tileo
- 漫游低线鱲 Barilius vagra
Betadevario属
[编辑]- Betadevario ramachandrani Pramod, Fang, Rema Devi, Liao, Indra, Jameela Beevi & Kullander, 2010[5]
Bhava属
[编辑]- Bhava vittata ,原为Puntius vittata[6]
- Biwia tama
- Biwia yodoensis
- 琵琶湖𬶋 Biwia zezera
- 白氏泰波鱼 Boraras brigittae
- 斑纹泰波鱼 Boraras maculatus
- 小泰波鱼 Boraras merah :又称红体波鱼。
- 三斑泰波鱼 Boraras micros
- 斑点泰波鱼 Boraras naevus
- 拟尾眼泰波鱼 Boraras urophthalmoides :又称似睛尾波鱼。
Brevibora属
[编辑]Brevibora Liao, Kullander & Fang, 2010[7]
- Brevibora cheeya Liao & Tan, 2011[8]
- 背点波鱼 Brevibora dorsiocellata (Duncker, 1904)
- Brevibora exilis Liao & Tan, 2014[9]
- 瞎眼魮 Caecobarbus geertsii
- 盲鲤 Caecocypris basimi
Carasobarbus属
[编辑]- 沙特阿拉伯魮 Carasobarbus apoensis
- 类犬魮 Carasobarbus canis
- 钱特氏魮 Carasobarbus chantrei
- 逐魮 Carasobarbus exulatus
- 黄体魮 Carasobarbus luteus
- 须鲫 Carassioides acuminatus
- Carassioides argentea
- Carassioides macropterus
- Carassius auratus argenteaphthalmus
- 鲫 Carassius auratus auratus
- 布氏鲫 Carassius auratus burgeri
- 大眼鲫 Carassius auratus grandoculis :又称长背鲫。
- 兰氏鲫 Carassius auratus langsdorfii
- 黑鲫 Carassius carassius
- 高身鲫 Carassius cuvieri :又称日本白鲫。
- 银鲫 Carassius gibelio
- 卡特拉魮 Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822),为Gibelion catla (Hamilton, 1822)的异名
- 元宝鳊 Chela cachius
- Chela khujairokensis
- 比氏埃塞鱼 Chelaethiops bibie :又称短臀埃塞鱼。
- 康吉埃塞鱼 Chelaethiops congicus
- 长体埃塞鱼 Chelaethiops elongatus
- 小埃塞鱼 Chelaethiops minutus
- 鲁夸湖埃塞鱼 Chelaethiops rukwaensis
Clypeobarbus属
[编辑]- 贝尔氏魮 Clypeobarbus bellcrossi
- Clypeobarbus bomokandi
- 康吉魮 Clypeobarbus congicus
- 高鳞魮 Clypeobarbus hypsolepis
- 腹鳞魮 Clypeobarbus pleuropholis
- 拟颌齿魮 Clypeobarbus pseudognathodon
- 斯考特氏魮 Clypeobarbus schoutedeni
- 巴门褶吻鲮 Cophecheilus bamen Zhu, Zhang, Zhang & Han, 2011[12]
- 短须褶吻鲮 Cophecheilus brevibarbatus He, Huang, He & Yang, 2015
- 红鳍方口魮 Cosmochilus cardinalis
- 镰状方口魮 Cosmochilus falcifer
- 哈氏方口魮 Cosmochilus harmandi
- 南腊方口魮 Cosmochilus nanlaensis
也称缨鱼属。
- 天竺圆唇鱼 Cyclocheilichthys apogon
- 圆唇鱼 Cyclocheilichthys armatus
- 盔圆唇鱼 Cyclocheilichthys enoplus
- 泰国圆唇鱼 Cyclocheilichthys furcatus
- 异丝圆唇鱼 Cyclocheilichthys heteronema
- 詹氏圆唇鱼 Cyclocheilichthys janthochir
- 拉氏圆唇鱼 Cyclocheilichthys lagleri
- 斜口圆唇鱼 Cyclocheilichthys repasson
- Cyclocheilichthys schoppeae
- 中华圆唇鱼 Cyclocheilichthys sinensis
- 也门似真小鲤 Cyprinion acinaces acinaces
- 希贾兹似真小鲤 Cyprinion acinaces hijazi
- 伊拉克似真小鲤 Cyprinion kais
- 大口似真小鲤 Cyprinion macrostomus
- 沙特似真小鲤 Cyprinion mhalensis
- 小眼似真小鲤 Cyprinion microphthalmum
- 迈氏似真小鲤 Cyprinion milesi
- Cyprinion semiplotum
- 细线似真小鲤 Cyprinion tenuiradius
- 华生似真小鲤 Cyprinion watsoni
也称斑马鱼属。
- Danionella cerebrum Britz, Conway & Rüber, 2021[14]
- 德古拉小鿕 Danionella dracula :又称德古拉鱼、小吸血鬼鱼
- Danionella mirifica
- Danionella priapus
- 透体小鿕 Danionella translucida
也称大斑马鱼属、神鿕属、德瓦鿕属。
- Devario acrostomus
- 尖头大鿕 Devario acuticephala :又称尖头斑马鱼、尖头神鿕
- 波条大鿕 Devario aequipinnatus :又称波条神鿕、线纹鿕,也可称大班马鱼
- Devario affinis
- 阿氏大鿕 Devario ahlanderi Kullander & Norén, 2022[15]:又称阿氏德瓦鿕。
- 安娜大鿕 Devario annandalei
- Devario anomalus
- 缺须大鿕 Devario apogon
- Devario apopyris
- 阿萨姆大鿕 Devario assamensis
- 黄紫大鿕 Devario auropurpureus :又称紫金斑马鱼、蓝琉璃斑马鱼、紫钻琉璃灯、黄紫神鿕、紫金非鲤、紫金茵莱湖鲤、琉璃燕子
- 德瓦大鿕 Devario browni
- 金线大鿕 Devario chrysotaeniatus :又称金线大斑马鱼、金线神鿕
- Devario devario
- 方芳大鿕 Devario fangfangae [注 1]
- 弗雷泽氏大鿕 Devario fraseri
- Devario gibber
- Devario horai
- 半线大鿕 Devario interruptus :又称红彩斑马鱼、虹彩斑马鱼、半线神鿕
- 红蚌大鿕 Devario kakhienensis
- 老挝大鿕 Devario laoensis :又称麦氏大鿕。
- Devario leptos
- 泰国大鿕 Devario maetaengensis :又称湄塘河非鲤、湄塘河茵莱湖鲤
- 细线大鿕 Devario malabaricus :又称大班马鱼、马拉巴大班马鱼、马拉巴尔斑马鱼、大神鿕、马拉巴鿕
- 印度大鿕 Devario manipurensis
- 那加大鿕 Devario naganensis
- 尼尔大鿕 Devario neilgherriensis
- 斯里兰卡大鿕 Devario pathirana
- Devario peninsulae
- 皇大鿕 Devario regina :又称皇神鿕
- Devario salmonata
- 沙姆大鿕 Devario shanensis :又称掸邦德瓦鿕、沙姆神鿕、掸邦非鲤
- 桑氏大鿕 Devario sondhii :又称火红金线斑马鱼、火兔斑马鱼、桑氏神鿕
- 棘大鿕 Devario spinosus
- Devario strigillifer
- Devario suvatti
- Devario xyrops
- Devario yuensis
Diplocheilichthys属
[编辑]- Diplocheilichthys jentinkii
- 侧带纹唇鱼 Diplocheilichthys pleurotaenia
- 阿氏盘齿魮 Discherodontus ashmeadi
- 黑氏盘齿魮 Discherodontus halei
- 小四须魮 Discherodontus parvus
- 施氏盘齿魮 Discherodontus schroederi
- Discogobio antethoracalis
- 双珠盘𬶋 Discogobio bismargaritus
- 短鳔盘𬶋 Discogobio brachyphysallidos
- Discogobio caobangi
- Discogobio dienbieni
- 长体盘𬶋 Discogobio elongatus
- 宽头盘𬶋 Discogobio laticeps
- 长须盘𬶋 Discogobio longibarbatus
- 长鳔盘𬶋 Discogobio macrophysallidos :又称多鳞盘𬶋。
- Discogobio microstoma
- 多线盘𬶋 Discogobio multilineatus
- Discogobio pacboensis
- Discogobio poneventralis
- Discogobio propeanalis
- 四须盘𬶋 Discogobio tetrabarbatus
- 云南盘𬶋 Discogobio yunnanensis
Discolabeo属
[编辑]- Discolabeo wuluoheensis Li, Lu & Mao, 1996
- Eirmotus furvus
- Eirmotus insignis
- Eirmotus isthmus
- 十带连理鱥 Eirmotus octozona
- 短臀鳀波鱼 Engraulicypris brevianalis
- Engraulicypris gariepinus Barnard, 1943 [16]
- Engraulicypris howesi Riddin, Bills & Villet, 2016 [16]
- Engraulicypris ngalala Riddin, Bills & Villet, 2016[16]
- 沙丁鳀波鱼 Engraulicypris sardella
- 双色角鱼 Epalzeorhynchus bicolor
- 须唇角鱼 Epalzeorhynchus frenatum
- 丽鳍角鱼 Epalzeorhynchus kalopterus
- 泰国双角鱼 Epalzeorhynchus munense
- 阿尔氏长须鿕 Esomus ahli
- 阿尔特斯氏长须鿕 Esomus altus
- 髯长须鿕 Esomus barbatus
- 睛尾长须鿕 Esomus caudiocellatus
- 长须鿕 Esomus danricus
- 线纹长须鿕 Esomus lineatus
- 长身长须鿕 Esomus longimanus
- Esomus malabaricus
- 马来亚长须鿕 Esomus malayensis
- Esomus manipurensis
- 金长须鿕 Esomus metallicus
- 野长须鿕 Esomus thermoicos
Fangfangia属
[编辑]- Fangfangia spinicleithralis Britz, Kottelat & Tan, 2012[17]
Folifer属
[编辑]- 瓣结鱼 Folifer brevifilis (Peters, 1881):又称海南瓣结鱼。
- 稀有𬶋鲫 Gobiocypris rarus Ye & Fu, 1983
- 新疆裸重唇鱼 Gymnodiptychus dybowskii
- 全裸裸重唇鱼 Gymnodiptychus integrigymnatus
- 厚唇裸重唇鱼 Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus pachycheilus
Haludaria 属
[编辑]- Haludaria afasciata (Jayaram, 1990)
- Haludaria fasciata (Jerdon, 1849)
- Haludaria kannikattiensis (Arunachalam & Johnson, 2003)
- Haludaria melanampyx (Day, 1865)
- 裂峡魮 Hampala ampalong
- 双斑裂峡魮 Hampala bimaculata
- 异裂峡魮 Hampala dispar
- 洛氏裂峡魮 Hampala lopezi
- 大鳞裂峡魮 Hampala macrolepidota
- Hampala sabana
- 萨尔温裂峡魮 Hampala salweenensis
- Hemigrammocapoeta culiciphaga
- 美丽半墨头鱼 Hemigrammocapoeta elegans
- 凯氏半线二须魮 Hemigrammocapoeta kemali
- 矮半线二须魮 Hemigrammocapoeta nana
- Henicorhynchus lineatus
- Henicorhynchus lobatus
- Henicorhynchus ornatipinnis (Roberts, 1997)
- 暹罗单吻鱼 Henicorhynchus siamensis (Sauvage, 1881)[18]
- 'Henicorhynchus' thaitui Nguyen, Ho, Hoang, Wu & Zhang, 2020[19]
- 小头高原鱼 Herzensteinia microcephalus (Herzenstein, 1891)
- 板么红水鱼 Hongshuia banmo
- 大眼红水鱼 Hongshuia megalophthalmus
- 小口红水鱼 Hongshuia microstomatus :又名小口华缨鱼
- 袍里红水鱼 Hongshuia paoli
- 绿霍氏鱼 Horadandia atukorali Deraniyagala, 1943[20]
- 布氏霍氏鱼 Horadandia brittani Rema Devi & Menon, 1992[20]
- Horalabiosa arunachalami
- 霍氏唇魮 Horalabiosa joshuai
- 印度霍氏唇魮 Horalabiosa palaniensis
也称茵莱湖鲤属。
- 杰氏斑马鱼 Inlecypris jayarami (Barman, 1985):又称萨尔温江非鲤、雅氏茵莱湖鲤
- 伊朗盲鲤 Iranocypris typhlops
- 婆罗鲤 Kalimantania lawak (Bleeker, 1855),基异名为Systomus lawak Bleeker, 1855
Kosswigobarbus属
[编辑]- Kosswigobarbus kosswigi (Ladiges, 1960),为Carasobarbus kosswigi (Ladiges, 1960)的异名
Kottelatia属
[编辑]- 布氏波鱼 Kottelatia brittani (Axelrod, 1976),基异名:Rasbora brittani Axelrod, 1976
Labeobarbus属
[编辑]- Labeobarbus acutirostris
- 小口魮 Labeobarbus aeneus
- 宽口魮 Labeobarbus aspius
- 贝茨氏魮 Labeobarbus batesii
- Labeobarbus brevicauda
- Labeobarbus brevicephalus
- 短刺魮 Labeobarbus brevispinis
- 岬魮 Labeobarbus capensis
- 卡多朿氏魮 Labeobarbus cardozoi
- 尾纹魮 Labeobarbus caudovittatus
- 科林顿氏魮 Labeobarbus codringtonii
- 康皮氏魮 Labeobarbus compiniei
- Labeobarbus crassibarbis
- Labeobarbus dainellii
- Labeobarbus gorgorensis
- Labeobarbus gorguari
- 哈伯氏魮 Labeobarbus habereri
- 间魮 Labeobarbus intermedius :又称澳洲间魮。
- 约氏魮 Labeobarbus johnstonii
- 大口魮 Labeobarbus kimberleyensis
- 纤魮 Labeobarbus litamba
- Labeobarbus longissimus
- 梭魮 Labeobarbus lucius
- Labeobarbus macrophtalmus
- 软刺魮 Labeobarbus malacanthus
- 大鳞黄魮 Labeobarbus marequensis
- 姆巴氏魮 Labeobarbus mbami
- Labeobarbus megastoma
- 细丝魮 Labeobarbus micronema
- 蒙戈魮 Labeobarbus mungoensis
- 南非魮 Labeobarbus natalensis
- Labeobarbus nedgia
- Labeobarbus nthuwa
- Labeobarbus osseensis
- Labeobarbus platydorsus
- 细鳞黄魮 Labeobarbus polylepis
- 始祖魮 Labeobarbus progenys
- 罗卡氏魮 Labeobarbus rocadasi
- 罗伊氏魮 Labeobarbus roylii
- Labeobarbus surkis
- Labeobarbus truttiformis
- Labeobarbus tsanensis
- Labeobarbus versluysii
- Labiobarbus cyanopareja
- 条纹长背魮 Labiobarbus fasciatus
- 长背魮 Labiobarbus festivus
- 薄长背魮 Labiobarbus lamellifer
- 细唇长背魮 Labiobarbus leptocheilus :又称居氏长背魮、缅甸长背魮。
- Labiobarbus lineatus
- 睛斑长背魮 Labiobarbus ocellatus
- 沙巴长背魮 Labiobarbus sabanus
- 暹罗长背魮 Labiobarbus siamensis :又称胸斑长背魮。
Ladislavia属
[编辑]- 平口𬶋 Ladislavia taczanowskii
Laocypris属
[编辑]- 眼点元宝鳊 Laubuka caeruleostigmata
- 印度元宝鳊 Laubuka dadiburjori
- 条纹元宝鳊 Laubuka fasciata
- Laubuka insularis
- Laubuka lankensis
- 翼元宝鳊 Laubuka laubuca
- Laubuka ruhuna
- Laubuka varuna
- 美臀鱼 Lepidopygopsis typus
- 何氏细须魮 Leptobarbus hoevenii
- 霍氏细须魮 Leptobarbus hosii
- 暗鳍细须魮 Leptobarbus melanopterus
- 暗带细须魮 Leptobarbus melanotaenia
- 红鳍细须魮 Leptobarbus rubripinna
- 缨瘦波鱼 Leptocypris crossensis
- 几内亚瘦波鱼 Leptocypris guineensis
- 孔库瘦波鱼 Leptocypris konkoureensis
- 卢氏瘦波鱼 Leptocypris lujae
- 瘦波鱼 Leptocypris modestus
- 尼罗河瘦波鱼 Leptocypris niloticus :又称尼罗低线鱲。
- 泰恩瘦波鱼 Leptocypris taiaensis
- 威氏瘦波鱼 Leptocypris weeksii :又称威氏长嘴鱲。
- 韦氏瘦波鱼 Leptocypris weynsii
- 宽头四须魮 Linichthys laticeps ,宽头林氏鲃,宽头四须鲃
Longanalus属
[编辑]- 博氏魮 Luciobarbus bocagei
- 短头魮 Luciobarbus brachycephalus
- 团头魮 Luciobarbus capito :又称锥首魮。
- 黑海魮 Luciobarbus caspius
- 伊比利亚魮 Luciobarbus comizo
- 埃氏魮 Luciobarbus escherichii
- 犬魮 Luciobarbus esocinus
- 希腊魮 Luciobarbus graecus
- 格雷尔氏魮 Luciobarbus graelsii
- 圭拉魮 Luciobarbus guiraonis
- Luciobarbus kersin
- 科斯氏魮 Luciobarbus kosswigi
- Luciobarbus kottelati
- Luciobarbus lydianus
- 小头魮 Luciobarbus microcephalus
- 三叶魮 Luciobarbus mursa :又称稷魮、古拉河鲤。
- Luciobarbus mystaceus
- Luciobarbus pectoralis
- 斯克莱氏魮 Luciobarbus sclateri
- 斯氏魮 Luciobarbus steindachneri
- Luciobarbus xanthopterus
- 布氏梭大口鱼 Luciosoma bleekeri
- 佩氏梭大口鱼 Luciosoma pellegrini
- 刚毛梭大口鱼 Luciosoma setigerum
- 长鳍梭大口鱼 Luciosoma spilopleura
- 三线梭大口鱼 Luciosoma trinema
Macrhybopsis属
[编辑]- Macrhybopsis aestivalis (Girard, 1856)
- Macrhybopsis australis (Hubbs & Ortenburger, 1929)
- Macrhybopsis boschungi Gilbert & Mayden, 2017[21]
- Macrhybopsis etnieri Gilbert & Mayden, 2017[21]
- Macrhybopsis gelida (Girard, 1856)
- Macrhybopsis hyostoma (Gilbert, 1884)[21]
- Macrhybopsis marconis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1886)
- Macrhybopsis meeki (Jordan & Evermann, 1896)
- Macrhybopsis pallida Gilbert & Mayden, 2017[21]
- Macrhybopsis storeriana (Kirtland, 1845)
- Macrhybopsis tetranema (Gilbert, 1886)
- Macrhybopsis tomellerii Gilbert & Mayden, 2017[21]
Malayochela属
[编辑]Megarasbora属
[编辑]- 印度孟波鱼 Megarasbora elanga
- Mekongina bibarba
- 湄公鱼 Mekongina erythrospila
- Mekongina lancangensis
Mesopotamichthys属
[编辑]小徳鱼属(Microdevario)
[编辑]也称小徳瓦鿕属、小大斑马鱼属。
- 盖氏小德鱼 Microdevario gatesi :盖氏小波鱼
- 库氏小德鱼 Microdevario kubotai :久保田氏小波鱼
- 小眼小德鱼 Microdevario microphthalma :小眼小波鱼
- 微小德鱼 Microdevario nana :微小波鱼
- 红身小波鱼 Microrasbora rubescens
- 银色长臀魮 Mystacoleucus argenteus
- 黑背鳍长臀魮 Mystacoleucus atridorsalis
- 月斑长臀魮 Mystacoleucus chilopterus
- Mystacoleucus ectypus
- Mystacoleucus greenwayi
- 细尾长臀魮 Mystacoleucus lepturus
- 长臀魮 Mystacoleucus marginatus
- 帕当长臀魮 Mystacoleucus padangensis
Naziritor属
[编辑]- 阿里线纹鳊 Nematabramis alestes
- 婆罗洲线纹鳊 Nematabramis borneensis
- 埃氏线纹鳊 Nematabramis everetti
- 斯氏线纹鳊 Nematabramis steindachneri
- 逊线纹鳊 Nematabramis verecundus
Neobarynotus属
[编辑]- 新波鱼 Neobola bottegoi
- 河溪新波鱼 Neobola fluviatilis
- Neobola kinondo Bart, Schmidt, Nyingi & Gathua, 2019[22]
- 尼罗新波鱼 Neobola nilotica
- 星新波鱼 Neobola stellae
- Neolissochilus acutirostris Arunachalam, Sivakumar & Murugan, 2017
- 保山四须魮 Neolissochilus baoshanensis (Chen & Yang, 1999):宝山新光唇鱼。
- 软鳍四须魮 Neolissochilus benasi (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936):又称软鳍新光唇鱼。
- Neolissochilus blanci (Pellegrin & Fang, 1940)
- 布莱斯新光唇鱼 Neolissochilus blythii (Day, 1870)
- Neolissochilus bovanicus (Day, 1877)
- Neolissochilus capudelphinus Arunachalam, Sivakumar & Murugan, 2017[23]
- 窄身新光唇鱼 Neolissochilus compressus (Day, 1870)
- 杜氏新光唇鱼 Neolissochilus dukai (Day, 1878)
- 亨氏新光唇鱼 Neolissochilus hendersoni
- 异口四须魮 Neolissochilus heterostomus
- 墨脱四须魮 Neolissochilus hexagonolepis :又称小鳞光唇鱼。
- Neolissochilus hexastichus
- 长翅新光唇鱼 Neolissochilus longipinnis
- Neolissochilus namlenensis
- 黑纹新光唇鱼 Neolissochilus nigrovittatus
- 少鳞新光唇鱼 Neolissochilus paucisquamatus
- Neolissochilus pnar Dahanukar, Sundar, Rangad, Proudlove & Raghavan, 2023[24]
- 似丘新光唇鱼 Neolissochilus soroides
- 大棘新光唇鱼 Neolissochilus spinulosus
- 斯氏新光唇鱼 Neolissochilus stevensonii
- 史氏新光唇鱼 Neolissochilus stracheyi
- Neolissochilus subterraneus
- 苏门答腊新光唇鱼 Neolissochilus sumatranus :又称苏门答腊光唇鱼。
- 蒂氏新光唇鱼 Neolissochilus thienemanni
- 特氏新光唇鱼 Neolissochilus tweediei
- 饰带新光唇鱼 Neolissochilus vittatus
- Nicholsicypris dorsohorizontalis
- 拟细鲫 Nicholsicypris normalis
- Opsaridium boweni
- 似鳀马口波鱼 Opsaridium engrauloides
- 勒氏马口波鱼 Opsaridium leleupi
- 洛氏马口波鱼 Opsaridium loveridgei
- 斑尾马口波鱼 Opsaridium maculicauda
- 小头马口波鱼 Opsaridium microcephalum
- 小鳞马口波鱼 Opsaridium microlepis
- 佩氏马口波鱼 Opsaridium peringueyi
- Opsaridium splendens
- 马拉维马口波鱼 Opsaridium tweddleorum
- 乌斑吉河马口波鱼 Opsaridium ubangense
- 马口波鱼 Opsaridium zambezense
- Opsarius cocsa
- 泰国真马口波鱼 Opsarius koratensis :又称孟力腊鿕、南尼低线鱲。
- 丽色低线鱲 Opsarius pulchellus
- 葡萄真马口波鱼 Opsarius putaoensis[25]]]
- 山魮 Oreichthys cosuatis :又称库尔格无须魮。
- Oreichthys crenuchoides
- Oreichthys parvus
- 短背鳍纹唇鱼 Osteochilichthys brevidorsalis
- 斯氏尖裸鲤 Oxygymnocypris stewartii (Lloyd, 1908),基异名:Schizopygopsis stewartii Lloyd, 1908
Paracanthobrama属
[编辑]- Paleoschizothorax diluculum Yang, Liang, Cai, Chen, Han, Gu, Wang, Bao & Yan, 2022[26]
- 似刺鳊𬶋 Paracanthobrama guichenoti Bleeker, 1864
- 条纹似白𬶋 Paraleucogobio strigatus
- Parapsilorhynchus discophorus
- 长身副裸吻鱼 Parapsilorhynchus elongatus
- 普氏副裸吻鱼 Parapsilorhynchus prateri
- Parapsilorhynchus swaini Baliarsingh & Kosygin, 2017[27]
- 触角副裸吻鱼 Parapsilorhynchus tentaculatus
- 台湾副细鲫 Pararasbora moltrechti
Pararhinichthys属
[编辑]Parasikukia属
[编辑]- 异华鲮 Parasinilabeo assimilis
- Parasinilabeo longibarbus
- 长体异华鲮 Parasinilabeo longicorpus
- 长鳍异华鲮 Parasinilabeo longiventralis
- Parasinilabeo maculatus
- Parasinilabeo microps
Paraspinibarbus属
[编辑]- 袋唇鱼 Paraspinibarbus alloiopleurus
Parasqualidus属
[编辑]Parator属
[编辑]- 叶结鱼 Parator zonatus
- 鲸形密耙鱼 Pectenocypris balaena
- 密耙鱼 Pectenocypris korthausae
- Pectenocypris micromysticetus
- Pectenocypris nigra Wibowo, Ahnelt & Kertamihardja, 2016[28]
- 安氏坑鱼 Phreatichthys andruzzii
Placogobio属
[编辑]- 扁咽齿鱼 Platypharodon extremus
- 片唇𬶋 Platysmacheilus exiguus
- 长须片唇𬶋 Platysmacheilus longibarbatus
- 裸腹片唇𬶋 Platysmacheilus nudiventris Lo, Yao et Chen[29]
- 镇江片唇𬶋 Platysmacheilus zhenjiangensis [29]
Plesiopuntius属
[编辑]- Plesiopuntius bimaculatus ,原为Puntius bimaculatus[6]
- 贝茨氏原野鲮 Prolabeo batesi
- 黑前眼野鲮 Prolabeops melanhypoptera
- Prolabeops nyongensis
Protolabeo属
[编辑]- 非洲拟魮 Pseudobarbus afer
- 糙拟魮 Pseudobarbus asper
- 拟魮 Pseudobarbus burchelli :又称伯切尔氏魮。
- 伯氏拟魮 Pseudobarbus burgi
- 涌拟魮 Pseudobarbus phlegethon
- 夸氏拟魮 Pseudobarbus quathlambae
- 细拟魮 Pseudobarbus tenuis
- 巴马拟缨鱼 Pseudocrossocheilus bamaensis :又名巴马穗唇鲃、巴马穗唇魮
- 柳城拟缨鱼 Pseudocrossocheilus liuchengensis
- Pseudocrossocheilus longibullus
- Pseudocrossocheilus nigrovittatus
- Pseudocrossocheilus papillolabrus
- 三齿拟缨鱼 Pseudocrossocheilus tridentis :又名三齿华缨鱼
- Pseudogobio banggiangensis
- 长吻似𬶋 Pseudogobio esocinus
- 桂林似𬶋 Pseudogobio guilinensis
- 似𬶋 Pseudogobio vaillanti
- 长沟泉水鱼 Pseudogyrinocheilus longisulcus Zheng, Chen et Yang, 2010[30]
- 泉水鱼 Pseudogyrinocheilus prochilus
- 长麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora elongata
- 断线麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora interrupta
- 麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva :又称罗汉鱼。
- 北方麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora pumila :又称大麦穗鱼。
- 靖西拟金线魮 Pseudosinocyclocheilus jinxiensis
- 中甸叶须鱼 Ptychobarbus chungtienensis :又称中甸重唇鱼。
- 锥吻叶须鱼 Ptychobarbus conirostris :又称锥吻重唇鱼。
- 双须叶须鱼 Ptychobarbus dipogon :又称双须重唇鱼。
- 裸腹叶须鱼 Ptychobarbus kaznakovi :又称裸腹重唇鱼。
- 扁吻𬶋 Pungtungia herzi
- Pungtungia hilgendorfi
- Pungtungia shiraii
Puntigrus 属
[编辑]- Puntigrus anchisporus (Vaillant, 1902)
- Puntigrus navjotsodhii (Tan, 2012)[31]
- Puntigrus partipentazona (Fowler, 1934)
- Puntigrus pulcher (Rendahl, 1922)
- Puntigrus tetrazona (Bleeker, 1855)
- 印尼魮鲤 Puntioplites bulu
- 镰魮鲤 Puntioplites falcifer
- 魮鲤 Puntioplites proctozystron
- 爪哇魮鲤 Puntioplites waandersi
也称小鲃属。
Qianlabeo属
[编辑]Rasboroides属
[编辑]- Rasboroides nigromarginatus (Meinken, 1957)
- Rasboroides pallidus Deraniyagala, 1958[32]
- Rasboroides rohani Batuwita, de Silva & Edirisinghe, 2013[33]
- 珠点波鱼 Rasboroides vaterifloris Deraniyagala, 1930[32]
Rasboroides属
[编辑]- Rasboroides vaterifloris (Deraniyagala, 1930)
Rasbosoma属
[编辑]- 污斑波鱼 Rasbosoma spilocerca (Rainboth & Kottelat, 1987)
- 新耙波拉鱼 Rastrineobola argentea
- Rectoris longifinus
- 泸溪直口鲮 Rectoris luxiensis
- 变形直口鲮 Rectoris mutabilis
- 直口鲮 Rectoris posehensis
- 圆筒吻𬶋 Rhinogobio cylindricus
- 湖南吻𬶋 Rhinogobio hunanensis
- 大鼻吻𬶋 Rhinogobio nasutus
- 吻𬶋 Rhinogobio typus
- 长鳍吻𬶋 Rhinogobio ventralis
- 花江鱥 Rhynchocypris czekanowskii :又称彻氏鱥、伊氏鱥。
- 德氏鱥 Rhynchocypris dementjevi
- 拉氏鱥 Rhynchocypris lagowskii
- 焦氏尖头鱥 Rhynchocypris oxycephalus :又称绥芬鱥、尖头鱥。
- 湖鱥 Rhynchocypris percnurus :又称博兹南鱥、戴氏湖鱥、格但斯克湖鱥、东北湖鱥、萨哈林湖鱥、中伏尔加湖鱥、真帕氏鱼。
- 波氏鱥 Rhynchocypris poljakowii
Rohanella属
[编辑]- Rohanella titteya ,原为Puntius titteya[6]
- 奥氏露魮 Rohtee ogilbii
- 小鳞罗塔魮 Rohteichthys microlepis
- Romanogobio albipinnatus
- 黄河罗马诺𬶋 Romanogobio amplexilabris
- Romanogobio antipai
- Romanogobio banaticus
- Romanogobio belingi
- Romanogobio benacensis
- Romanogobio ciscaucasicus
- Romanogobio elimeius
- 山西罗马诺𬶋 Romanogobio johntreadwelli
- Romanogobio kesslerii
- Romanogobio macropterus
- Romanogobio parvus
- Romanogobio pentatrichus
- Romanogobio persus
- Romanogobio skywalkeri Friedrich, Wiesner, Zangl, Daill, Freyhof & Koblmüller, 2018[34]
- Romanogobio tanaiticus
- 薄身罗马诺𬶋 Romanogobio tenuicorpus
- Romanogobio uranoscopus
- Romanogobio vladykovi
- 辽河突吻𬶋 Rostrogobio liaohensis
Sahyadria属
[编辑]- 萨纳鱼 Sanagia velifera
- 蛇𬶋 Saurogobio dabryi
- 长蛇𬶋 Saurogobio dumerili
- 细尾蛇𬶋 Saurogobio gracilicaudatus
- 光唇蛇𬶋 Saurogobio gymnocheilus
- 无斑蛇𬶋 Saurogobio immaculatus
- 滑唇蛇𬶋 Saurogobio lissilabris
- 湘江蛇𬶋 Saurogobio xiangjiangensis
- 闪光鱥 Sawbwa resplendens Annandale, 1918
- 刺鳍铲齿鱼 Scaphiodonichthys acanthopterus
- Scaphiodonichthys burmanicus
- 长鳍白甲鱼 Scaphiodonichthys macracanthus
- 曼谷类铲颌鱼 Scaphognathops bandanensis
- 斯氏类铲颌鱼 Scaphognathops stejnegeri
- Scaphognathops theunensis
- 印尼裂吻鱼 Schismatorhynchos endecarhapis Siebert & Tjakrawidjaja, 1998
- 异裂吻鱼 Schismatorhynchos heterorhynchos (Bleeker, 1854)
- 马来亚裂吻鱼 Schismatorhynchos holorhynchos Siebert & Tjakrawidjaja, 1998
- Schismatorhynchos lobocheilioides Bleeker, 1855
- 裂吻鱼 Schismatorhynchos nukta (Sykes, 1839)
- Schizocypris altidorsalis
- Schizocypris altidorsalis
- 裂鲤 Schizocypris brucei
- 拉氏裂鲤 Schizocypris ladigesi
- 弯额准裂腹鱼 Schizopyge curvifrons :又称小髭准裂腹鱼、长鳍准裂腹鱼。
- Schizopyge dainellii
- 黑身准裂腹鱼 Schizopyge niger :又称平额腹鱼。
- 前腹裸裂尻鱼 Schizopygopsis anteriventris
- 柴达木裸裂尻鱼 Schizopygopsis kessleri
- 嘉陵裸裂尻鱼 Schizopygopsis kialingensis
- 软刺裸裂尻鱼 Schizopygopsis malacanthus
- 黄河裸裂尻鱼 Schizopygopsis pylzovi
- 高原裸裂尻鱼 Schizopygopsis stoliczkai
- 温泉裸裂尻鱼 Schizopygopsis thermalis
- 拉萨裸裂尻鱼 Schizopygopsis younghusbandi
- 宝兴裸裂尻鱼 Schizopygopsis malacanthus baoxingensis
- 印度斧鲤 Securicula gora
- Semiplotus cirrhosus
- Semiplotus manipurensis
- 缅甸半泳鲤 Semiplotus modestus
- Sinilabeo binhluensis
- Sinilabeo brevirostris
- 似鲮华鲮 Sinilabeo cirrhinoides
- Sinilabeo hummeli
- 长须华鲮 Sinilabeo longibarbatus
- Sinilabeo longirostris
- 华缨鱼 Sinocrossocheilus guizhouensis
- Sinocrossocheilus labiatus
- Sinocrossocheilus megalophthalmus
也称金线鲃属。
Snyderichthys属
[编辑]- 科氏骨尾鱼 Snyderichthys copei
Speolabeo属
[编辑]- Speolabeo hokhanhi Nguyen, Cao, Deng & Zhang, 2018[35]
- Speolabeo musaei (Kottelat & Steiner, 2011)[36]
- 斯普拉特鲤 Spratellicypris palata
- Spinibarbus babeensis
- 锯齿倒刺魮 Spinibarbus denticulatus :又称多鳞倒刺魮、云南倒刺魮。
- 光倒刺魮 Spinibarbus hollandi :又称何氏棘魞。
- Spinibarbus maensis
- Spinibarbus nammauensis
- Spinibarbus ovalius
- 中华倒刺魮 Spinibarbus sinensis
Sundadanio属
[编辑]- Sundadanio atomus
- 阿氏波鱼 Sundadanio axelrodi
- Sundadanio echinus
- Sundadanio margarition
- Sundadanio gargula
- Sundadanio goblinus
- Sundadanio rubellus
- Sundadanio retiarius
Tanichthys Lin, 1932,也称邓鱼属,
- 白腹唐鱼 Tanichthys albiventris Li, Bohlen & Liao[37]
- 唐鱼 Tanichthys albonubes S. Y. Lin, 1932,种名意为白云,指其模式产地为白云山。[37]
- 黄臀唐鱼 Tanichthys flavianalis Li, Liao & Shen[37]
- 库氏唐鱼 Tanichthys kuehnei Bohlen, Dvorák, Thang & Šlechtová, 2019[38]
- 贤良江唐鱼 Tanichthys micagemmae Freyhof & Herder, 2001
- Tanichthys thacbaensis Nguyen & Ngo, 2001
Tariqilabeo属
[编辑]- 角鱼 Tariqilabeo bicornis
- Tariqilabeo periyarensis
- 多鳞似鲔雅罗鱼 Thynnichthys ploylepis
- 沙特似鲔雅罗鱼 Thynnichthys sandkhol
- 似鲔雅罗鱼 Thynnichthys thynnoides
- 瓦氏似鲔雅罗鱼 Thynnichthys vaillanti
- 丁鱥 Tinca tinca
Trigonopoma属
[编辑]- 埃氏三角波鱼 Trigonostigma espei (Meinken, 1967),伊氏波鱼
- 亨氏三角波鱼 Trigonostigma hengeli (Meinken, 1956),亨氏波鱼
- 黑斑三角波鱼 Trigonostigma heteromorpha (Duncker, 1904), 异形波鱼
- 红身三角波鱼 Trigonostigma somphongsi (Meinken, 1958) ,宋氏波鱼[39]
- 截形三角波鱼 Trigonostigma truncata Tan, 2020
Troglocyclocheilus属
[编辑]- Troglocyclocheilus khammouanensis Kottelat & Bréhier, 1999[40]
- 盲墨头鱼 Typhlogarra widdowsoni
- 高鳍突吻鱼 Varicorhinus altipinnis
- 安森氏突吻鱼 Varicorhinus ansorgii
- Varicorhinus axelrodi
- 比索突吻鱼 Varicorhinus beso
- 布氏突吻鱼 Varicorhinus brauni
- 仿突吻鱼 Varicorhinus capoetoides
- Varicorhinus clarkeae
- Varicorhinus dimidiatus
- 剑形突吻鱼 Varicorhinus ensifer
- 缨突吻鱼 Varicorhinus fimbriatus
- 凶突吻鱼 Varicorhinus iphthimostoma
- 耶格氏突吻鱼 Varicorhinus jaegeri
- Varicorhinus jubae
- 偏嘴突吻鱼 Varicorhinus latirostris
- 李利突吻鱼 Varicorhinus leleupanus
- 长背突吻鱼 Varicorhinus longidorsalis
- 卢福突吻鱼 Varicorhinus lufupensis
- 大鳞突吻鱼 Varicorhinus macrolepidotus
- 玛丽亚突吻鱼 Varicorhinus mariae
- Varicorhinus maroccanus
- 南非突吻鱼 Varicorhinus nelspruitensis
- 皮氏突吻鱼 Varicorhinus pellegrini
- 平口突吻鱼 Varicorhinus platystomus
- 品味突吻鱼 Varicorhinus pungweensis
- Varicorhinus robertsi
- 卢安达突吻鱼 Varicorhinus ruandae
- 鲁氏突吻鱼 Varicorhinus ruwenzorii
- 桑氏突吻鱼 Varicorhinus sandersi
- 半网纹突吻鱼 Varicorhinus semireticulatus
- 斯坦氏突吻鱼 Varicorhinus steindachneri
- 直口突吻鱼 Varicorhinus stenostoma
- 托尼氏突吻鱼 Varicorhinus tornieri
- 乌奔突吻鱼 Varicorhinus upembensis
- 尖嘴突吻鱼 Varicorhinus varicostoma
- 沃纳氏突吻鱼 Varicorhinus werneri
- 威氏突吻鱼 Varicorhinus wittei
- Varicorhinus xyrocheilus
- 洛氏奇须鲤 Xenobarbus loveridgei
- 鳐山鲤 Yaoshanicus arcus
- Yaoshanicus kyphus
经济利用
[编辑]本科鱼为各国重要的垂钓种及养殖鱼类,多数可食用,颇具经济价值,是合各种烹饪方式。另外一些种类体色艳丽,适合做为观赏鱼。
本科鱼类全部为淡水鱼;不仅种类繁多,其分布也广泛,各种水体皆有其分布。其食性也因鱼种而不同,各种食性之鱼种皆有。
注释
[编辑]- ^ 以方芳命名。方芳(Fang Fang Kullander),中国及瑞典鱼类学家,曾在中国科学院动物研究所及瑞典国家自然历史博物馆从事淡水鱼类研究工作,2010年病逝于瑞典。鲤科两鱼类新种及鿕亚科新属方芳属是以她命名,以作纪念。
- ^ 以秉志命名。
- ^ 以张春霖命名。
参考文献
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外部链接
[编辑]- Cyprinella leedsi Photo and Information at MBL Aquaculture
- Pimephales promelas, Fathead Minnow, Photo and Information at MBL Aquaculture (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
参见
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