甲酰氰

甲酰氰
	IUPAC名; Formyl cyanide
	系统名; Methanoyl cyanide
英文名	Formyl cyanide
别名	氰基甲醛
识别
CAS号	4471-47-0
PubChem	3843063
ChemSpider	3068544
SMILES	C(=O)C#N;
性质
化学式	C2HNO
摩尔质量	55.04 g·mol−1
溶解性（水）	水解
相关物质
相关化学品	乙酰氰; 草酰氰
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

甲酰（xiān）氰（英语：Formyl cyanide）是一种简单的有机化合物，化学式 HCOCN。它由氰基和醛基组成。甲酰氰是最简单的酰基氰化物。它存在于人马座B2的分子云。^[1]

制备

甲酰氰是由甲氧基乙腈在 600 °C分解而成的。它也可以由丙烯基苯氧基乙腈^[2]或烯丙氧基乙腈加热分解而成。^[3]^[4]

在分子云中，甲酰氰可以由甲醛和氰基自由基（英语：cyanide radical）反应而成：^[5]

CH₂O + CN^• → HCOCN + H^•

在地球大气中，污染物丙烯腈和羟基自由基反应，形成甲酰氰、超氧酸和甲醛：^[6]

CH₂=CHCN + OH^• + 1.5 O₂ → HO₂ + HCOCN + CH₂O

反应

甲酰氰水解成甲酸和氢氰酸。^[2]

参考资料

^ Gronowski, Marcin; Eluszkiewicz, Piotr; Custer, Thomas Gage. Structure and Spectroscopy of C2HNO Isomers. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 12 April 2017, 121 (17): 3263–3273. Bibcode:2017JPCA..121.3263G. PMID 28402122. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12609.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Lewis-Bevan, Wyn; Gaston, Rick D.; Tyrrell, James; Stork, Wilmer D.; Salmon, Gary L. Formyl cyanide: a stable species. Experimental and theoretical studies. Journal of the American Chemical Society. March 1992, 114 (6): 1933–1938. doi:10.1021/ja00032a001.
^ Bogey, M.; Destombes, J.L.; Vallee, Y.; Ripoll, J.L. Formyl cyanide: Efficient production from allyloxyacetonitrile and its millimeter-wave spectrum. Chemical Physics Letters. May 1988, 146 (3–4): 227–229. Bibcode:1988CPL...146..227B. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(88)87435-9.
^ Bogey, M.; Demuynck, C.; Destombes, J.L.; Vallee, Y. Millimeter-Wave Spectrum of Formyl Cyanide, HCOCN: Centrifugal Distortion and Hyperfine Structure Analysis. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. August 1995, 172 (2): 344–351. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.172..344B. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1183.
^ Remijan, Anthony J.; Hollis, J. M.; Lovas, F. J.; Stork, Wilmer D.; Jewell, P. R.; Meier, D. S. Detection of Interstellar Cyanoformaldehyde (CNCHO). The Astrophysical Journal. 10 March 2008, 675 (2): L85–L88. Bibcode:2008ApJ...675L..85R. doi:10.1086/533529.
^ Grosjean, Daniel. Atmospheric Chemistry of Toxic Contaminants. 3. Unsaturated Aliphatics: Acrolein, Acrylonitrile, Maleic Anhydride. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. December 1990, 40 (12): 1664–1669. doi:10.1080/10473289.1990.10466814.
^ Pasinszki, Tibor; Vass, Gábor; Klapstein, Dieter; Westwood, Nicholas P. C. Generation, Spectroscopy, and Structure of Cyanoformyl Chloride and Cyanoformyl Bromide, XC(O)CN. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 5 April 2012, 116 (13): 3396–3403. Bibcode:2012JPCA..116.3396P. PMID 22409314. doi:10.1021/jp301528q.

[1] Gronowski, Marcin; Eluszkiewicz, Piotr; Custer, Thomas Gage. Structure and Spectroscopy of C2HNO Isomers. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 12 April 2017, 121 (17): 3263–3273. Bibcode:2017JPCA..121.3263G. PMID 28402122. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12609.

[lb-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Lewis-Bevan, Wyn; Gaston, Rick D.; Tyrrell, James; Stork, Wilmer D.; Salmon, Gary L. Formyl cyanide: a stable species. Experimental and theoretical studies. Journal of the American Chemical Society. March 1992, 114 (6): 1933–1938. doi:10.1021/ja00032a001.

[3] Bogey, M.; Destombes, J.L.; Vallee, Y.; Ripoll, J.L. Formyl cyanide: Efficient production from allyloxyacetonitrile and its millimeter-wave spectrum. Chemical Physics Letters. May 1988, 146 (3–4): 227–229. Bibcode:1988CPL...146..227B. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(88)87435-9.

[4] Bogey, M.; Demuynck, C.; Destombes, J.L.; Vallee, Y. Millimeter-Wave Spectrum of Formyl Cyanide, HCOCN: Centrifugal Distortion and Hyperfine Structure Analysis. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. August 1995, 172 (2): 344–351. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.172..344B. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1183.

[5] Remijan, Anthony J.; Hollis, J. M.; Lovas, F. J.; Stork, Wilmer D.; Jewell, P. R.; Meier, D. S. Detection of Interstellar Cyanoformaldehyde (CNCHO). The Astrophysical Journal. 10 March 2008, 675 (2): L85–L88. Bibcode:2008ApJ...675L..85R. doi:10.1086/533529.

[6] Grosjean, Daniel. Atmospheric Chemistry of Toxic Contaminants. 3. Unsaturated Aliphatics: Acrolein, Acrylonitrile, Maleic Anhydride. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. December 1990, 40 (12): 1664–1669. doi:10.1080/10473289.1990.10466814.

[7] Pasinszki, Tibor; Vass, Gábor; Klapstein, Dieter; Westwood, Nicholas P. C. Generation, Spectroscopy, and Structure of Cyanoformyl Chloride and Cyanoformyl Bromide, XC(O)CN. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 5 April 2012, 116 (13): 3396–3403. Bibcode:2012JPCA..116.3396P. PMID 22409314. doi:10.1021/jp301528q.

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制备

反应

相关化合物

参考资料