干扰理论
外观
在心理学中,记忆(主要为长期记忆)由于有相同的提示(cue),因此在提取(retrieval)记忆时,记忆彼此互相抑制,形成遗忘(forgetting)现象。
抑制可分为两种:
顺摄抑制
[编辑]顺摄抑制(proactive inhibition)是指先前学习到的资料对后来学习资料的记忆产生干扰的倾向。例如,换了新的电话号码(后来的记忆),受旧的电话号码(先前的记忆)干扰而记不起新号码。
倒摄抑制
[编辑]倒摄抑制(retroactive inhibition)、逆向干扰(retroactive interference)是指后来的学习对先前学习资料的记忆产生干扰的倾向。例如,临睡前学习内容的保持优于白天,因为所受的后继学习的干扰较少。
参见
[编辑]参考文献
[编辑]- Sternberg, Robert J. (2006). Cognitive psychology fourth edition. Thomson Wadsworth, 219. ISBN 0534514219.
- Underwood, B.J. (1957). 'Interference and forgetting' in Psychological Review.
- Luchins, Abraham S. (1959) Primacy-recency in impression formation.
- Frensch, P. A. (1994). Composition during serial learning: a serial position effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20, 2, 423-443.
- Healy, A. F., Havas, D. A., & Parker, J. T. (2000). Comparing serial position effects in semantic and episodic memory using reconstruction of order tasks. Journal of Memory and Language, 42, 147-167.
- Murray Glanzer and Anita R. Cunitz (1966) "Two storage mechanisms in Free Recall", Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 5, 351-360.
- 张春兴(1995),《心理学概要》,台北市: 东华书局,14版. ISBN 957-636-024-2.