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马扎尔人征服喀尔巴阡盆地

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马扎尔人征服喀尔巴阡盆地

马扎尔人征服喀尔巴阡盆地[1]是人们对一系列历史事件的统称，这一系列事件以马扎尔人于九世纪末十世纪初定居于中欧而告终。在马扎尔人到来前，三支中世纪早期势力——保加利亚第一帝国（681-1018年）、东法兰克王国（843-962年）和大大摩拉维亚公国（833-约907年）——曾为控制喀尔巴阡盆地而混战。三支势力都曾雇佣过马扎尔骑手为士兵。因此，居住在喀尔巴阡山脉以东的东欧大草原上的马扎尔人便渐渐熟悉了喀尔巴阡盆地这片未来的家园领土。

马扎尔人的征服始于民族大迁徙的背景下。马扎尔人有计划地占领了喀尔巴阡盆地[1]。马扎尔人首先控制住了多瑙河以东的匈牙利大平原，之后又在900年袭击并占领了潘诺尼亚（多瑙河以西的地区）。接着，他们趁大摩拉维亚公国爆发内乱，在902-906年间吞并了该国领土。

907年7月4日，马扎尔人在普雷斯堡战役（英语：Battle of Pressburg）中击败巴伐利亚公国军队，巩固了对喀尔巴阡盆地的控制。899至955年间，马扎尔人对西欧发动了一系列军事行动；还在943至971年间攻打过东罗马帝国的领土。但他们最终还是逐渐在喀尔巴阡盆地安居下来，在1000年左右建立了基督教君主制政权——匈牙利王国。

参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Kontler 1999，第42页.

一手来源

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  • Anonymus, Notary of King Béla: The Deeds of the Hungarians (Edited, Translated and Annotated by Martyn Rady and László Veszprémy) (2010). In: Rady, Martyn; Veszprémy, László; Bak, János M. (2010); Anonymus and Master Roger; CEU Press; ISBN 978-963-9776-95-1.
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  • Simon of Kéza: The Deeds of the Hungarians (Edited and translated by László Veszprémy and Frank Schaer with a study by Jenő Szűcs) (1999). CEU Press. ISBN 963-9116-31-9.
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  • The Chronicle of Regino of Prüm (2009). In: History and Politics in Late Carolingian and Ottonian Europe: The Chronicle of Regino of Prüm and Adalbert of Magdeburg (Translated and annotated by Simon MacLean); Manchester University Press; ISBN 978-0-7190-7135-5.
  • The History of al-Tabarī, Volume XXXVIII: The Return of the Caliphate to Baghdad (Translated by Franz Rosenthal) (1985). State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-876-4.
  • The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle: Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum (Edited by Dezső Dercsényi) (1970). Corvina, Taplinger Publishing. ISBN 0-8008-4015-1.
  • Cross, Samuel Hazzard; Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Olgerd P. The Russian Primary Chronicle, Laurentian Text. Translated and edited by Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor (PDF). Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America. 1953: 325 [26 January 2023].  (First edition published in 1930. The first 50 pages are a scholarly introduction.)
  • Ostrowski, Donald; Birnbaum, David J. Rus' primary chronicle critical edition – Interlinear line-level collation. pvl.obdurodon.org. 7 December 2014 [18 May 2024].  已忽略未知参数|lang=（建议使用|language=） (帮助)
  • The Taktika of Leo VI (Text, translation, and commentary by George T. Dennis) (2010). Dumbarton Oaks. ISBN 978-0-88402-359-3.

二手来源

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