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斯蒂格勒定律例子列表

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斯蒂格勒定律(英语:Stigler's law),又称名字命名法则。是芝加哥大学一位很有幽默感的统计学家史蒂芬·史蒂格勒提出的一定律,最简单的说法是“没有科学的发现是因其原有发现者的名字而命名”,即科学定律最后的命名大多归功于后来更有名望的科学家。斯蒂格勒自己认为斯蒂格勒定律其实是罗伯特·金·莫顿最先发现,因此“斯蒂格勒定律”本身的命名也符合斯蒂格勒定律。

著名示例包括:

  1. 高斯分布:最早是由棣莫弗在1718年著作中提出。
  2. 本福特定律:最早是由西蒙·纽康在1881年提出。
  3. 三次方程的卡尔达诺公式:解法的思路来自塔塔利亚。
  4. 欧拉数e:雅各布·伯努利第一个注意到此常数。
  5. RSA加密算法:RSA是1977年由罗纳德·李维斯特(Ron Rivest)、阿迪·萨莫尔(Adi Shamir)和伦纳德·阿德曼(Leonard Adleman)一起提出的。当时他们三人都在麻省理工学院工作。RSA就是他们三人姓氏开头字母拼在一起组成的。其实1973年,在英国政府通讯总部工作的数学家克利福德·柯克斯(英语:)在一个内部文件中就提出了一个相同的算法,但他的发现被列入机密,一直到1997年才被发表。
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  • The Reynolds number in fluid mechanics was introduced by George Stokes英语Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet, but is named after 奥斯鲍恩·雷诺, who popularized its use.
  • Richards equation is attributed to Richards in his 1931 publication, but was earlier introduced by Richardson in 1922 in his book "Weather prediction by numerical process." (Cambridge University press. p. 262) as pointed out by John Knight and Peter Raats in "The contributions of Lewis Fry Richardson to drainage theory, soil physics, and the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum" EGU General Assembly 2016.

参见

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参考

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  1. ^ Bessemer process. Encyclopædia Britannica 2: 168. 2005. 
  2. ^ Kelly, William. Encyclopædia Britannica 6: 791. 2005. 
  3. ^ H. Bethe, E. Salpeter. A Relativistic Equation for Bound-State Problems. Physical Review. 1951, 84 (6): 1232. Bibcode:1951PhRv...84.1232S. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.84.1232. 
  4. ^ Y. Nambu. Force Potentials in Quantum Field Theory. Progress of Theoretical Physics英语Progress of Theoretical Physics. 1950, 5 (4): 614. doi:10.1143/PTP.5.614可免费查阅. 
  5. ^ Bonferroni, C. E., Teoria statistica delle classi e calcolo delle probabilità, Pubblicazioni del R Istituto Superiore di Scienze Economiche e Commerciali di Firenze 1936
  6. ^ Dunn, Olive Jean. Estimation of the Means for Dependent Variables. Annals of Mathematical Statistics英语Annals of Mathematical Statistics. 1958, 29 (4): 1095–1111. JSTOR 2237135. doi:10.1214/aoms/1177706374可免费查阅. 
  7. ^ Dunn, Olive Jean. Multiple Comparisons Among Means (PDF). Journal of the American Statistical Association英语Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1961, 56 (293): 52–64 [2022-09-23]. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.309.1277可免费查阅. doi:10.1080/01621459.1961.10482090. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-09-26). 
  8. ^ Heath, I. "Unacceptable File Operations in a Relational Database." Proc. 1971 ACM SIGFIDET Workshop on Data Description, Access, and Control, San Diego, California (November 11–12, 1971).
  9. ^ Date, C.J. Database in Depth: Relational Theory for Practitioners. O'Reilly (2005), p. 142.
  10. ^ Lemmermeyer, F. Václav Šimerka: quadratic forms and factorization. LMS Journal of Computation and Mathematics. 2013, 16: 118–129. doi:10.1112/S1461157013000065可免费查阅. 
  11. ^ Scipione Ferro | Italian mathematician. [2022-09-23]. (原始内容存档于2022-09-28). 
  12. ^ J. Stillwell, Mathematics and Its History, 3rd Ed, Springer,2010
  13. ^ André Baranne and Françoise Launay, Cassegrain: a famous unknown of instrumental astronomy页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Journal of Optics, 1997, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 158-172(15)
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 Stargazer, the Life and Times of the Telescope, by Fred Watson, p. 134
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 Stargazer, p. 115.
  16. ^ Mercer, Christia. Opinion | Descartes is Not Our Father. The New York Times. 25 September 2017 [2022-09-23]. (原始内容存档于2022-10-21). 
  17. ^ Chernoff, Herman. A career in statistics (PDF). Lin, Xihong; Genest, Christian; Banks, David L.; Molenberghs, Geert; Scott, David W.; Wang, Jane-Ling (编). Past, Present, and Future of Statistics. CRC Press. 2014: 35 [2022-09-23]. ISBN 9781482204964. (原始内容存档于2015-02-21). 
  18. ^ Grimmett, Geoffrey. Random‑Cluster Measures. The Random‑Cluster Model. Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften (Springer). 2006, 333: 6. ISBN 978-3-540-32891-9. ISSN 0072-7830. LCCN 2006925087. OCLC 262691034. OL 4105561W. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-32891-9_1. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-02-13). There is a critical temperature for this phenomenon, often called the Curie point after Pierre Curie, who reported this discovery in his 1895 thesis ... In an example of Stigler’s Law ... the existence of such a temperature was discovered before 1832 by [Claude] Pouillet.... 
  19. ^ Lagrange, Joseph-Louis. Sur l'attraction des sphéroïdes elliptiques. Mémoires de l'Académie de Berlin. 1773: 125 (法语). 
  20. ^ Duhem, Pierre. Leçons sur l'électricité et le magnétisme. Paris Gauthier-Villars. 1891. vol. 1, ch. 4, p. 22–23 (法语).  shows that Lagrange has priority over Gauss. Others after Gauss discovered "Gauss' Law", too.
  21. ^ Heath, Thomas. A History of Greek Mathematics Volume II From Aristarchus to Dipohantus. Dover Books. 1921: 323. ISBN 0-486-24074-6. 
  22. ^ Hodrick, Robert, and Edward C. Prescott (1997), "Postwar U.S. Business Cycles: An Empirical Investigation,"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 29 (1), 1–16.
  23. ^ Whittaker, E. T. (1923): On a new method of graduation, Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Association, 78, 81–89 – as quoted in Philips 2010页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  24. ^ E.B.Saff and A.D. Snider, Fundamentals of Complex Analysis, 3rd Ed. Prentice Hall, 2003
  25. ^ Cf. Clifford A. Pickover, De Arquímides a Hawking,p. 137
  26. ^ PhD-Design Discussion List, 7 January 2013, https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A2=ind1301&L=phd-design&D=0&P=11022页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  27. ^ [Analyse Mathematique. Sure Les Probabilties des Erreurs de Situation d'un Point Mem. Acad. Roy. Sei. Inst. France, Sci. Math, et Phys., t. 9, p. 255-332. 1846]
  28. ^ [Wright, S., 1921. Correlation and causation. Journal of agricultural research, 20(7), pp.557-585]
  29. ^ Physics, Robert Resnick英语Robert Resnick, David Halliday英语David Halliday (physicist), Kenneth S. Krane. volume 4, 4th edition, chapter 46
  30. ^ Parkinson, J, Bedford, DE. Electrocardiographic changes during brief attacks of angina pectoris. Lancet 1931; 1:15.
  31. ^ Brow, GR, Holman, DV. Electrocardiographic study during a paroxysm of angina pectoris. Am Heart J 1933; 9:259.
  32. ^ Prinzmetal, M, Kennamer, R, Merliss, R, et al. A variant form of angina pectoris. Preliminary report. Am Heart J 1959; 27:375.
  33. ^ For example 亨利·杜德耐 noted in his 1917 Amusements in Mathematics solution 129 that 佩尔方程 was called that "apparently because Pell neither first propounded the question nor first solved it!"
  34. ^ Grattan-Guinness, Ivor (1997): The Rainbow of Mathematics, pp. 563–564. New York, W. W. Norton.
  35. ^ Powers, David M W. Applications and explanations of Zipf's law. Joint conference on new methods in language processing and computational natural language learning: Association for Computational Linguistics: 151–160. 1998 [2022-09-23]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-10).