鑽頭螺亞科

鑽頭螺科; 化石時期：Lower Paleocene至Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	斷頂芻螺Rumina decollata
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
綱：	腹足綱 Gastropoda
目：	柄眼目 Stylommatophora
亞目：	瑪瑙螺亞目 Achatinina
總科：	瑪瑙螺總科 Achatinoidea
科：	鑽頭螺科 Subulinidae; P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877
Genera
	See text

鑽頭螺科（學名：Subulinidae），又名錐蝸牛科，原是柄眼目瑪瑙螺亞目非洲大蝸牛總科之下的一個小型熱帶會呼吸空氣的蝸牛的科級生物分類單元，是一類陸上（英語：terrestrial molluscs）肺螺類腹足綱軟體動物。

2017年12月，本科與非洲大蝸牛科（瑪瑙螺科）合併，原屬本科的亞科都成為了瑪瑙螺科的亞科；就只餘下原來的鑽頭螺亞科（學名：Subulininae）的物種^[3]。

分佈

本科物種分佈於全世界^[1]。

解剖

本科物種的單倍體染色體數量從26到35不等，詳見Barker (2001)^[4]。

分類

2005年分類

根據2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類_》的彎尿道類非正式群組)^[5] (The following unreferenced unchecked genera are probably from Schileyko (1999))，本科包括以下各個亞科：

鑽頭螺亞科 Subulininae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877
Coeliaxinae Pilsbry, 1907^[6]，異名：Cryptelasminae Germain, 1916; Pyrgininae Germain, 1916
Glessulinae Godwin-Austen, 1920
鑽螺亞科 Opeatinae Thiele, 1931
Petriolinae Schileyko, 1999
Rishetiinae Schileyko, 1999
Rumininae Wenz, 1923
Stenogyrinae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877 - synonym: Obeliscinae Thiele, 1931

屬

各亞科所包括的屬如下：

鑽頭螺亞科 Subulininae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877

Abaconia Clench, 1938^[7]
錐蝸牛屬 Allopeas H. B. Baker, 1935^[8]
Beckianum Baker, 1961^[9]
Curvella Chaper, 1885^[10]
Dysopeas Baker, 1927^[11]
Euonyma Melvill & Ponsonby, 1896^[12]
Hypolysia Melvill & Ponsonby, 1901^[13]
Lamellaxis Strebel & Pfeffer, 1882^[9]
Leptopeas Baker, 1927^[11]
Leptinaria Beck, 1837^[9]
Luntia Smith, 1898^{[來源請求]}
Micropeas Connolly, 1923^{[來源請求]}
Neoglessula Pilsbry, 1909^{[來源請求]}
Paropeas Pilsbry, 1906^[14]^[15]
Pelatrinia Pilsbry, 1907^{[來源請求]}
Prosopeas Mörch, 1876^{[來源請求]}
Pseudoglessula Boettger, 1892^{[來源請求]}
Pseudopeas Putzeys, 1899^{[來源請求]}
Striosubulina Thiele, 1933^{[來源請求]}
Vegrandinia Salvador, Cunha & Simone, 2013^[16]
Subulina Beck, 1837^[9] - type genus of the family Subulinidae^[5]
Zootecus Westerlund, 1887^[17]

Coeliaxinae

Coeliaxis H. Adams & Angas, 1865 - type genus of the subfamily Coeliaxinae^[5]
Cryptelasmus Pilsbry, 1907^[5]^[9]
Ischnocion Pilsbry, 1907^{[來源請求]}
Nannobeliscus Weyrauch, 1967^{[來源請求]}
Neosubulina Smith, 1898^{[來源請求]}
Pseudobalea Shuttleworth, 1854^{[來源請求]}
Pyrgina Greef, 1882^[5]
Thomea Girard, 1893^{[來源請求]}

Glessulinae

Glessula Martens, 1860 - type genus of the subfamily Glessulinae^[5]

鑽螺亞科 Opeatinae Thiele, 1931

Eremopeas Pilsbry, 1906^{[來源請求]}
鑽螺屬 Opeas Albers, 1850^[9] - type genus of the subfamily Opeatinae^[5]

Petriolinae

Bocageia Girard, 1893^{[來源請求]}
Ceras Dupuis & Putzeys, 1901^{[來源請求]}
Chilonopsis Fischer de Waldheim, 1848^{[來源請求]}
Cleostyla Dall, 1896^{[來源請求]}
Comoropeas Pilsbry, 1906^{[來源請求]}
Dictyoglessula Pilsbry, 1919^{[來源請求]}
Homorus Albers, 1850^{[來源請求]}
Ischnoglessula Pilsbry, 1919^{[來源請求]}
Itiopiana Preston, 1910^{[來源請求]}
Kempioconcha Preston, 1913^{[來源請求]}
Liobocageia Pilsbry, 1919^{[來源請求]}
Mabilliella Ancey, 1886^{[來源請求]}
Notapalinus Connolly, 1923^{[來源請求]}
Nothapalus von Martens, 1897^{[來源請求]}
Oleata Ortiz de Zarate, 1959^{[來源請求]}
Oreohomorus Pilsbry, 1919^[18]
Petriola Dall, 1905 - type genus of the subfamily Petriolinae^[5]
Subuliniscus Pilsbry, 1919^{[來源請求]}
Subulona Martens, 1889^{[來源請求]}

Rishetiinae

Bacillum Theobald, 1840^{[來源請求]}
Eutomopeas Pilsbry, 1946^{[來源請求]}
Rishetia Godwin-Austen, 1920 - type genus of the subfamily Rishetiinae^[5]
捲軸螺屬 Tortaxis Pilsbry, 1906^{[來源請求]}

Rumininae

Balfouria Crosse, 1884^{[來源請求]}
Krapfiella Preston, 1911^{[來源請求]}
Lubricella Haas, 1928^{[來源請求]}
Namibiella Zilch, 1954^{[來源請求]}
Obeliscella Jousseaume, 1899^{[來源請求]}
Riebeckia von Martens, 1883^{[來源請求]}
Rumina Risso, 1826^[9]^[19] - type genus of the subfamily Rumininae^[5]
Xerocerastus Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1902^{[來源請求]}

Stenogyrinae

Chryserpes Pilsbry, 1906^{[來源請求]}
Cupulella Aguayo & Jaume, 1948^[9]^{[來源請求]}
Dolicholestes Pilsbry, 1906^{[來源請求]}
Lyobasis Pilsbry, 1903^{[來源請求]}
Neobeliscus Pilsbry, 1896^{[來源請求]}
Obeliscus Beck, 1837^[5]^[9]^[20]
Ochroderma Ancey, 1885^{[來源請求]}
Ochrodermatina Thiele, 1931^{[來源請求]}
Ochrodermella Pilsbry, 1907^{[來源請求]}
Plicaxis Sykes, 1903^{[來源請求]}
Promoussonius Pilsbry, 1906^{[來源請求]}
Protobeliscus Pilsbry, 1906^{[來源請求]}
Pseudocolumna Wenz, 1920^{[來源請求]}
Rectobelus Baker, 1927^{[來源請求]}
Rhodea Adams, 1855^[21]^{[來源請求]}
Stenogyra Shuttleworth, 1854 - type genus of the subfamily Stenogyrinae^[5]
Synapterpes Pilsbry, 1896^{[來源請求]}
Zoniferella Pilsbry, 1906^{[來源請求]}

2017年分類

現時本亞科只餘下下列各屬^[22]^[23]：

錐蝸牛屬 Allopeas H. B. Baker, 1935
Beckianum H. B. Baker, 1961^[9]
Curvella Chaper, 1885
Dysopeas H. B. Baker, 1927^[11]
Euonyma Melvill & Ponsonby, 1896
Fortuna Schlickum & Strauch, 1972
Hypolysia Melvill & Ponsonby, 1901
Lamellaxis Strebel & Pfeffer, 1882^[9]
Leptinaria H. Beck, 1837^[9]
Leptopeas H. B. Baker, 1927^[11]
Micropeas Connolly, 1923^{[來源請求]}
Neoglessula Pilsbry, 1909^{[來源請求]}
Paropeas Pilsbry, 1906^[14]^[15]
Pelatrinia Pilsbry, 1907^{[來源請求]}
Prosopeas Mörch, 1876^{[來源請求]}
Pseudoglessula O. Boettger, 1892
Pseudopeas Putzeys, 1899^{[來源請求]}
Striosubulina Thiele, 1933^{[來源請求]}
鑽頭螺屬 Subulina H. Beck, 1837^[9]：本亞科的模式屬^[5]
Vegrandinia Salvador, Cunha & Simone, 2013^[16]
Zootecus Westerlund, 1887^[17]^{[來源請求]}

物種

下列部分本科物種：

錐蝸牛屬 Allopeas
鑽螺屬 Opeas Albers, 1850^[9] - type genus of the subfamily Opeatinae^[5]
- 細鑽螺 Opeas gracile (Hutton, 1834)^[25]
- 條紋鑽螺 Opeas striatissimum (Gredler, 1882)^[26]
- 小囊鑽螺
- 棒形鑽螺
- 索形鑽螺
- 四川鑽螺
捲軸螺屬
- 豎捲軸螺
- 柑捲軸螺
Subulina屬
- 原錐蝸牛 Subulina octona

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Family summary for Subulinidae. AnimalBase. 2006-02-21 [2011-03-15]. （原始內容存檔於2015-12-27）（英語）.
^ Fischer P. & Crosse (1877). Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amérique Centrale. Rechearches zoologiques (7)1(6): 592.
^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim, A.; Kano, Y.; Nützel, A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong, E.E. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families. Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1–2): 1–526. OCLC 7296100651. S2CID 91051256. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201.
^ Barker, G. M. Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. Barker G. M. (編). The biology of terrestrial molluscs. Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing. 2001: 1–146, cited pages: 139 and 142. ISBN 0-85199-318-4 （英語）.
^ ^5.00 ^5.01 ^5.02 ^5.03 ^5.04 ^5.05 ^5.06 ^5.07 ^5.08 ^5.09 ^5.10 ^5.11 ^5.12 ^5.13 Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
^ Pilsbry, H. A. ?. Manual of Conchology. 1907, 2 (18): 72 （英語）.
^ Bouchet, Philippe. Cone with the wind: a pelagie marine speeies deseribed as an endemie land snail From the Bahamas (PDF). THE NAUTILUS. 2002, 116 (1): 32-35 [2021-05-30]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2021-06-02）.
^ Baker, H. B. Review of the anatomy of Pupillidae and related groups. HA Pilsbry. 1935.
^ ^9.00 ^9.01 ^9.02 ^9.03 ^9.04 ^9.05 ^9.06 ^9.07 ^9.08 ^9.09 ^9.10 ^9.11 ^9.12 ^9.13 "Mollusca" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Diversidad Biológica Cubana, accessed 23 March 2011.
^ Van Bruggen, Adolf Cornelis. A new land snail, Curvella transvaalensis, from southern Africa (Gastropoda, Pulmonata: Subulinidae). Annals of the Transvaal Museum. 1978 [2021-05-30]. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-02）.
^ ^11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 Baker, Horace B. 1930: The mollusca collected by the University of Michigan – Williamson expedition in Venezuela. Occasional Paper of Museum of zoology. 210:1-51
^ F.L.S, James Cosmo Melvill M. A.; F.Z.S, John Henry Ponsonby. XLVII.—Descriptions of new terrestrial mollusca from South Africa. Journal of Natural History. 2009-10-06 [2021-05-30]. doi:10.1080/00222939608680460. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-02）（英語）.
^ James Cosmo Melvill M. A., F. L. S.; F.Z.S, John Henry Ponsonby. XLI.—Descriptions of Fourteen new Species of Terrestrial Mollusca from South Africa. Journal of Natural History. 2009-12-01 [2021-05-30]. doi:10.1080/03745480109442927. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-02）（英語）.
^ ^14.0 ^14.1 Pilsbry H. A. (1906). In: Tryon G. W. & Pilsbry H. A. (1906) Manual of Conchology (2)18: 14.
^ ^15.0 ^15.1 Naggs F. (1994). "The reproductive anatomy of Paropeas achatinaceum and a new concept of Paropeas (Pulmonata: Achatinoidea: Subulinidae)". Journal of Molluscan Studies 60(2): 175-191. doi:10.1093/mollus/60.2.175.
^ ^16.0 ^16.1 Salvador R. B., Cunha C. M. & Simone L. R. L. (2013). "Taxonomic revision of the orthalicid land snails (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) from Trindade Island, Brazil". Journal of Natural History 47(13-14): 949-961. doi: 10.1080/00222933.2012.759290.
^ ^17.0 ^17.1 "Genus summary for Zootecus" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. AnimalBase, accessed 11 october 2010.
^ Wronski T. & Hausdorf B. (2009). "Oreohomorus apio new species from Uganda (Gastropoda: Subulinidae)". Journal of Conchology 40(1): 55-60. abstract Archive.is的存檔，存檔日期2010-12-29.
^ "Genus summary for Rumina" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. AnimalBase, accessed 11 october 2010.
^ （葡萄牙文） Salgado N. C. & Coelho A. C. S. (2003). "Moluscos terrestres do Brasil (Gastrópodes operculados ou não, exclusive Veronicellidae, Milacidae e Limacidae)". Revista de Biología Tropical 51(Suppl. 3): 149-189. (with English abstract), PDF （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）.
^ "New paper on Rhodea" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Ashbreure's posterous, published 1 April 2011, accessed 1 April 2011.
^ Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (編). Subulinidae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877. MolluscaBase –透過WoRMS.
^ Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (編). Subulininae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877. MolluscaBase –透過WoRMS.
^ 国际贝库：锥蜗牛. 台灣貝類資料庫. [2009-08-11]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.
^ 中國科學院動物研究所. 细钻螺. 《中國動物物種編目資料庫》. 中國科學院微生物研究所. [2009-04-28]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-05）.
^ 中國科學院動物研究所. 条纹钻螺. 《中國動物物種編目資料庫》. 中國科學院微生物研究所. [2009-04-28]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-05）.

延伸閱讀

Schileyko A. A. (1999). "Treatise on Recent Terrestrial Pulmonate Molluscs. Part 4 Draparnaudiidae, Caryodidae, Macrocyclidae, Acavidae, Clavatoridae, Dorcasiidae, Sculptariidae, Corillidae, Plectopylidae, Megalobulimidae, Strophocheilidae, Cerionidae, Achatinidae, Subulinidae, Glessulidae, Micractaeonidae, Ferrussaciidae". In: Ruthenica., Supplement, 2(4): 435-564, Moscow, ISSN 0136-0027.

外部連結

[AB-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Family summary for Subulinidae. AnimalBase. 2006-02-21 [2011-03-15]. （原始內容存檔於2015-12-27）（英語）.

[2] Fischer P. & Crosse (1877). Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amérique Centrale. Rechearches zoologiques (7)1(6): 592.

[3] Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim, A.; Kano, Y.; Nützel, A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong, E.E. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families. Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1–2): 1–526. OCLC 7296100651. S2CID 91051256. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201.

[Barker-4] Barker, G. M. Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. Barker G. M. (編). The biology of terrestrial molluscs. Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing. 2001: 1–146, cited pages: 139 and 142. ISBN 0-85199-318-4 （英語）.

[Bouchet_2005-5] 5.00 ^5.01 ^5.02 ^5.03 ^5.04 ^5.05 ^5.06 ^5.07 ^5.08 ^5.09 ^5.10 ^5.11 ^5.12 ^5.13 Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.

[6] Pilsbry, H. A. ?. Manual of Conchology. 1907, 2 (18): 72 （英語）.

[7] Bouchet, Philippe. Cone with the wind: a pelagie marine speeies deseribed as an endemie land snail From the Bahamas (PDF). THE NAUTILUS. 2002, 116 (1): 32-35 [2021-05-30]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2021-06-02）.

[8] Baker, H. B. Review of the anatomy of Pupillidae and related groups. HA Pilsbry. 1935.

[ecosis.cu-9] 9.00 ^9.01 ^9.02 ^9.03 ^9.04 ^9.05 ^9.06 ^9.07 ^9.08 ^9.09 ^9.10 ^9.11 ^9.12 ^9.13 "Mollusca" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Diversidad Biológica Cubana, accessed 23 March 2011.

[10] Van Bruggen, Adolf Cornelis. A new land snail, Curvella transvaalensis, from southern Africa (Gastropoda, Pulmonata: Subulinidae). Annals of the Transvaal Museum. 1978 [2021-05-30]. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-02）.

[Baker_1927-11] 11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 Baker, Horace B. 1930: The mollusca collected by the University of Michigan – Williamson expedition in Venezuela. Occasional Paper of Museum of zoology. 210:1-51

[12] F.L.S, James Cosmo Melvill M. A.; F.Z.S, John Henry Ponsonby. XLVII.—Descriptions of new terrestrial mollusca from South Africa. Journal of Natural History. 2009-10-06 [2021-05-30]. doi:10.1080/00222939608680460. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-02）（英語）.

[13] James Cosmo Melvill M. A., F. L. S.; F.Z.S, John Henry Ponsonby. XLI.—Descriptions of Fourteen new Species of Terrestrial Mollusca from South Africa. Journal of Natural History. 2009-12-01 [2021-05-30]. doi:10.1080/03745480109442927. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-02）（英語）.

[#1-14] 14.0 ^14.1 Pilsbry H. A. (1906). In: Tryon G. W. & Pilsbry H. A. (1906) Manual of Conchology (2)18: 14.

[Naggs_1994-15] 15.0 ^15.1 Naggs F. (1994). "The reproductive anatomy of Paropeas achatinaceum and a new concept of Paropeas (Pulmonata: Achatinoidea: Subulinidae)". Journal of Molluscan Studies 60(2): 175-191. doi:10.1093/mollus/60.2.175.

[#2-16] 16.0 ^16.1 Salvador R. B., Cunha C. M. & Simone L. R. L. (2013). "Taxonomic revision of the orthalicid land snails (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) from Trindade Island, Brazil". Journal of Natural History 47(13-14): 949-961. doi: 10.1080/00222933.2012.759290.

[#3-17] 17.0 ^17.1 "Genus summary for Zootecus" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. AnimalBase, accessed 11 october 2010.

[18] Wronski T. & Hausdorf B. (2009). "Oreohomorus apio new species from Uganda (Gastropoda: Subulinidae)". Journal of Conchology 40(1): 55-60. abstract Archive.is的存檔，存檔日期2010-12-29.

[19] "Genus summary for Rumina" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. AnimalBase, accessed 11 october 2010.

[Salgado_2003-20] （葡萄牙文） Salgado N. C. & Coelho A. C. S. (2003). "Moluscos terrestres do Brasil (Gastrópodes operculados ou não, exclusive Veronicellidae, Milacidae e Limacidae)". Revista de Biología Tropical 51(Suppl. 3): 149-189. (with English abstract), PDF （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）.

[21] "New paper on Rhodea" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Ashbreure's posterous, published 1 April 2011, accessed 1 April 2011.

[WoRMS_565634-22] Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (編). Subulinidae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877. MolluscaBase –透過WoRMS.

[WoRMS_994763-23] Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (編). Subulininae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877. MolluscaBase –透過WoRMS.

[24] 国际贝库：锥蜗牛. 台灣貝類資料庫. [2009-08-11]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.

[id11004-25] 中國科學院動物研究所. 细钻螺. 《中國動物物種編目資料庫》. 中國科學院微生物研究所. [2009-04-28]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-05）.

[id11003-26] 中國科學院動物研究所. 条纹钻螺. 《中國動物物種編目資料庫》. 中國科學院微生物研究所. [2009-04-28]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-05）.

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