催眠治療
替代醫學和偽醫學 |
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催眠療法,或稱催眠治療法、催眠治療、催眠心理療法等(英語:Hypnotherapy),是一種身心干預(英語:Mind–body interventions)技術,在這種干預中,催眠被用來創造一種注意力集中的狀態,並在處理生理或心理障礙或其他相關問題時,增加心理暗示能力。[1]
該方法也被視為一種替代醫學技術。
催眠療法使用包括來自言語、環境等方面的心理暗示,使被催眠者進入放鬆、專注、注意力高度集中等類似睡眠卻非睡眠的狀態;在過程中,會使用心理暗示等指導性的意象,協助受助者處理其各種身心方面問題。
該方法可用於練習自我催眠或(深度)放鬆。
各種治療方法
[編輯]傳統催眠療法
[編輯]認知/行為催眠療法
[編輯]正念催眠療法
[編輯]實際治療用途
[編輯]戒菸
[編輯]在戒菸方面,催眠療法比其他預防及治療措施,在治療六個月後的成功戒菸率更高。 [2]
分娩
[編輯]催眠療法,可適用於分娩過程和產後護理[3] [4][5] [6] [7]。目前仍未有足夠的證據來確定它是否可以減輕分娩時的疼痛[8]和有效地預防產後抑鬱症。 [9]在2012年前,學界沒有對此方法進行過深入的研究。但是,在2013年進行的研究發現:「在分娩中使用催眠會導致藥理鎮痛和催產素的使用減少,從而縮短了第一產程的持續時間」。 [10] 2013年,在丹麥進行了研究,得出的結論是:「自我催眠課程可改善婦女的分娩體驗,並減少恐懼感」。 [11] 2015年,一組研究人員在英國進行了類似的研究:「自我催眠的積極經歷給人以鎮靜,自信和增強分娩的感覺」。 [12]催眠術被凱特米德爾頓(Kate Middleton)等名星使用。 [13]
其他用途
[編輯]在許多其他醫學領域中,也有應用催眠學 [14]。在維多利亞時代,催眠用於治療了當時被稱為歇斯底里的疾病。 [15]
現代催眠療法已被廣泛接受,特別是用於治療某些習慣性疾病,如控制不合理的恐懼[16] [17]以及治療失眠[18]和成癮等病症。 [19]催眠術也已用於加強恢復非心理的病徵,例如手術後[20]的乳腺癌護理[21]甚至是腸胃疾病[22],包括大腸激躁症 。 [23] [24]
參考資料
[編輯]- ^ Elkins, Gary R.; Barabasz, Arreed F.; Council, James R.; Spiegel, David. Advancing research and practice: the revised APA Division 30 definition of hypnosis. The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2015, 63 (1): 1–9 [2021-12-23]. ISSN 1744-5183. PMID 25365125. S2CID 24373533. doi:10.1080/00207144.2014.961870. (原始內容存檔於2022-03-03).
- ^ Abbot, NC; Stead, LF; White, AR; Barnes, J. Jo , 編. Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2005, (2): CD001008. PMID 10796583. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001008.
- ^ Mongan, Marie F. HypnoBirthing: The Mongan Method: A Natural Approach To A Safe, Easier, More Comfortable Birthing 3rd. HCI. 2005.
- ^ Sanjay Datta, Bhavani Shankar Kodali, Scott Segal. Non-pharmacological Methods for Relief of Labor Pain. Obstetric Anesthesia Handbook. 2010: 85–93. ISBN 978-0-387-88601-5. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-88602-2_7.
- ^ Phillips-Moore, J. HypnoBirthing. TheAustralian Journal of Holistic Nursing. 2005, 12 (1): 41–2 [22 September 2012]. PMID 19175270. (原始內容存檔於2020-03-22).
- ^ Wainer, N. HypnoBirthing. A radical change on our perspective of pain in childbirth.. Midwifery Today with International Midwife. 2000, (55): 36–38. PMID 11189565.
- ^ Mottershead, N. Hypnosis: removing the labour from birth.. The Practising Midwife. March 2006, 9 (3): 26–7, 29. PMID 16562656.
- ^ Jones, L.; Othman, M.; Dowswell, T.; Alfirevic, Z.; Gates, S.; Newburn, M.; Jordan, S.; Lavender, T.; Neilson, J. P. James P , 編. Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012, 3 (3): CD009234. PMC 7132546
. PMID 22419342. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009234.pub2.
- ^ Sado, M.; Ota, E.; Stickley, A.; Mori, R. Mitsuhiro , 編. Hypnosis during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period for preventing postnatal depression. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012, 6 (6): CD009062. PMID 22696381. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009062.pub2.
- ^ Kenyon, S; Armstrong, N; Johnston, T; Walkinshaw, S; Petrou, S; Howman, A; Cheed, V; Markham, C; McNicol, S. Standard- or high-dose oxytocin for nulliparous women with confirmed delay in labour: quantitative and qualitative results from a pilot randomised controlled trial. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2013-06-21, 120 (11): 1403–1412. ISSN 1470-0328. PMID 23786339. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.12331.
- ^ Werner, Anette; Uldbjerg, Niels; Zachariae, Robert; Wu, Chun Sen; Nohr, Ellen A. Antenatal Hypnosis Training and Childbirth Experience: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Birth. December 2013, 40 (4): 272–280. PMID 24344708. doi:10.1111/birt.12071 (英語).
- ^ Finlayson, Kenneth; Downe, Soo; Hinder, Susan; Carr, Helen; Spiby, Helen; Whorwell, Peter. Unexpected consequences: women's experiences of a self-hypnosis intervention to help with pain relief during labour. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. December 2015, 15 (1): 229. ISSN 1471-2393. PMC 4583759
. PMID 26407981. doi:10.1186/s12884-015-0659-0 (英語).
- ^ Miller, Anna Medaris. Kate Middleton said she used hypnobirthing techniques to get through labor — and she 'really quite enjoyed it'. Insider. [2020-06-03].
- ^ Savage, George Harvey. The Harveian Oration on Experimental Psychology and Hypnotism Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London, October 18, 1909. London: Henry Frowde. 1909. OL 26297021M.
- ^ Crimlisk, Helen L.; Ron, Maria A. Conversion hysteria: History, diagnostic issues, and clinical practice. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. 1999, 4 (3): 165–180. doi:10.1080/135468099395909.
- ^ Crawford, Helen J.; Barabasz, Arreed F. Rhue, Steven Jay , 編. Handbook of clinical hypnosis. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association. 1993: 311–337. ISBN 978-1-55798-440-1. doi:10.1037/10274-015.
- ^ Gow, M. A. Hypnosis with a 31-year-old female with dental phobia requiring emergency extraction (PDF). Contemporary Hypnosis. 2006, 23 (2): 83–91 [2021-02-27]. doi:10.1002/ch.312. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2012-07-06).
- ^ Deirdre Barrett. The pregnant man: tales from a hypnotherapist's couch. New York: Times Books. 1998 [2021-02-27]. ISBN 9780812929058. (原始內容存檔於2016-01-01).
- ^ Hypnosis as an addiction treatment. Alcohol Rehab Thailand. [2021-02-27]. (原始內容存檔於2011-11-14).
- ^ Diamond, S.G.; Davis, O.C.; Schaechter, J.D.; Howe, R.D. Hypnosis for rehabilitation after stroke: Six case studies (PDF). Contemporary Hypnosis. 2006, 23 (4): 173–180 [2021-02-27]. doi:10.1002/ch.319. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2012-08-13).
- ^ Hypnosis in breast cancer care: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Integrative Cancer Therapies (review). September 2014, 14 (1): 5–15. PMID 25233905. doi:10.1177/1534735414550035.
- ^ Palsson, O.S. Effects of hypnosis on GI problems (PDF). UNCCenter for Functional GI & Motility Disorders. [2021-02-27]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2014-08-20).
- ^ Tan, Gabriel; Hammond, D. Corydon; Gurrala, Joseph. Hypnosis and irritable bowel syndrome: a review of efficacy and mechanism of action. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. 2005, 47 (3): 161–178. PMID 15754863. doi:10.1080/00029157.2005.10401481.
- ^ Whorwell, P.J. The history of hypnotherapy and its role in the irritable bowel syndrome (PDF). Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2005, 22 (11–12): 1061–1067 [2021-02-27]. Bibcode:10.1.1.616.6402 請檢查
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值 (幫助). PMID 16305719. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02697.x. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2015-02-18).
參見
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