超级鹦鹉属

超级鹦鹉属
	靓鹦鹉
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	鸟纲 Aves
目：	鹦鹉目 Psittaciformes
科：	鹦鹉科 Psittaculidae
亚科：	鹦鹉亞科 Psittaculinae
族：	超级鹦鹉族 Polytelini
属：	超级鹦鹉属 Polytelis; Wagler, 1832
模式种
	Psittacus barrabandi; 靓鹦鹉; Swainson（英语：William John Swainson）, 1821
种
	见正文
异名
	Polyteles Reichenbach, 1850 ; Spathopterus North（英语：Alfred John North）, 1895 ;

超级鹦鹉属（学名：Polytelis）是鹦鹉目鹦鹉科下的一个属。^[2]该属为鹦鹉亞科超级鹦鹉族下的一个成员，一共有三个物种4个亚种。^[2]^[3]本属的物种皆分布于澳大利亚，是体长介于36—46厘米之间的中等体型鹦鹉。^[4]^[5]

分类学

本属由德国鸟类学家约翰·格奥尔格·瓦格勒于1832年建立，以容纳仅在澳大利亚有所分布的靓鹦鹉。^[6]并以腿部修长，脚踝圆滑作为其特征。^[6]其属名Polytelis源自希腊语πολυτελής（转写：polutelēs，意即“奢侈的、浪费的”）。^[7]

	靓鹦鹉

	黄鹦鹉

Polytelis

Polytelini

2023年所建立的亲缘关系树^[8]

在过去，本属鹦鹉被认为是一组在宽尾鹦鹉族下的分支。^[9]在一次未有包含靓鹦鹉在内的研究认为本属物种可能是红翅鹦鹉属的基干族群并需要再一步分析。^[10]但现在多个研究则认为本属为单系群，并归于与红翅鹦鹉属及王鹦鹉属组成的超级鹦鹉族下。^[3]^[8]

形态特征

超级鹦鹉属的鸟类主体呈浅棕色到绿色之间，其翅膀及尾部较为流线型且延长，有迁徙的行为。^[4]^[5]雌雄之间略有性别差异，幼鸟体色较为黯淡。^[4]这三种鹦鹉在地理分布上有互补的现象。^[4]其中靓鹦鹉雄性上具有黄色的喉部及前额、深红色胸带；黄鹦鹉雄鸟带有蓝黑色和黄色；而公主鹦鹉则有浅粉红色的喉部和淡黄绿色的翅膀。^[5]

保护情况

该属鹦鹉均受《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》所保护，并被列于附录二内。^[11]在《国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》中，除了公主鹦鹉则因预估不到1000只的族群数量被划为近危物种之外，其他两种被列为无危物种，其中靓鹦鹉的族群数量仍在上升中。^[12]^[13]^[14]

下属物种

本属包含以下三个物种：^[2]

靓鹦鹉 Polytelis swainsonii (Desmarest, 1826)
黄鹦鹉 Polytelis anthopeplus (Lear, 1831)
公主鹦鹉 Polytelis alexandrae Gould, 1863

参考资料

^ H&M4 Checklist family by family - The Trust for Avian Systematics. The Turst for Avian Systematics. [2023-10-11]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-24）（英语）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 International Ornithologists' Union. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela , 编. IOC World Bird List 13.2. [2022-08-17] （英语）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Joseph, Leo; Toon, Alicia; Schirtzinger, Erin E.; Wright, Timothy F.; Schodde, Richard. A revised nomenclature and classification for family-group taxa of parrots (Psittaciformes). Zootaxa. 2012-02-24, 3205 (1): 26 [2023-09-27]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3205.1.2. （原始内容存档于2022-04-30）（英语）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Forshaw, Joseph M.; Knight, Frank. Parrots of the World; an Identification Guide. Princeton University Press. 2010-09: 114. ISBN 9781400836208 （英语）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Juniper, Tony. Parrots : a guide to parrots of the world. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1998: 331–334 [2023-10-12]. ISBN 978-0-300-07453-6 （英语）.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Wagler, Johann Georg. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. München: Lindauer'schen Hofbuchdruckerei. 1832 [2023-10-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-08）（拉丁语及德语）.
^ Jobling, James A. The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. 2010: 314. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 （英语）.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Smith, Brian Tilston; Merwin, Jon; Provost, Kaiya L; Thom, Gregory; Brumfield, Robb T; Ferreira, Mateus; Mauck, William M; Moyle, Robert G; Wright, Timothy F; Joseph, Leo. Phylogenomic Analysis of the Parrots of the World Distinguishes Artifactual from Biological Sources of Gene Tree Discordance. Systematic Biology. 2023-05-19, 72 (1): 228–241 [2023-09-27]. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syac055. （原始内容存档于2023-09-27）（英语）.
^ Forshaw, Joseph M.; Cooper, William T. Parrots of the World Rev Ed. David & Charles, Newton Abbot, London. 1978-11. ISBN 0715376985 （英语）.
^ Provost, Kaiya L.; Joseph, Leo; Smith, Brian Tilston. Resolving a phylogenetic hypothesis for parrots: implications from systematics to conservation. Emu - Austral Ornithology. 2018-01-02, 118 (1): 7–21 [2023-10-12]. ISSN 0158-4197. doi:10.1080/01584197.2017.1387030. （原始内容存档于2022-06-16）（英语）.
^ CITES. Appendices (PDF). Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Main navigation. [2023-06-24]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-07-02）（英语）.
^ Harding, M.; Butchart, S.; Ekstrom, J. Regent Parrot (Polytelis anthopeplus) - BirdLife species factsheet. BirdLife Data Zone. [2023-10-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-04）（英语）.
^ Vine, J.; Taylor, J.; Garnett, S.; Benstead, P.; Burbidge, A.H.; Joseph, L. Princess Parrot (Polytelis alexandrae) - BirdLife species factsheet. BirdLife Data Zone. [2023-10-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-27）（英语）.
^ McClellan, R.; Benstead, P.; Pilgrim, J.; Garnett, S.; Symes, A.; Taylor, J.; Palmer-Newton, A.; Hermes, C.; Manning, A.; Weston, M.A.; Tzaros, C. Superb Parrot (Polytelis swainsonii) - BirdLife species factsheet. BirdLife Data Zone. [2023-10-12]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-03）（英语）.

外部链接

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：超级鹦鹉属
维基物种上的相关信息：超级鹦鹉属

[HM4-1] H&M4 Checklist family by family - The Trust for Avian Systematics. The Turst for Avian Systematics. [2023-10-11]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-24）（英语）.

[IOC-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 International Ornithologists' Union. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela , 编. IOC World Bird List 13.2. [2022-08-17] （英语）.

[Joseph-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Joseph, Leo; Toon, Alicia; Schirtzinger, Erin E.; Wright, Timothy F.; Schodde, Richard. A revised nomenclature and classification for family-group taxa of parrots (Psittaciformes). Zootaxa. 2012-02-24, 3205 (1): 26 [2023-09-27]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3205.1.2. （原始内容存档于2022-04-30）（英语）.

[Forshaw-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Forshaw, Joseph M.; Knight, Frank. Parrots of the World; an Identification Guide. Princeton University Press. 2010-09: 114. ISBN 9781400836208 （英语）.

[Juniper-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Juniper, Tony. Parrots : a guide to parrots of the world. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1998: 331–334 [2023-10-12]. ISBN 978-0-300-07453-6 （英语）.

[Wagler-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Wagler, Johann Georg. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. München: Lindauer'schen Hofbuchdruckerei. 1832 [2023-10-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-08）（拉丁语及德语）.

[Jobling-7] Jobling, James A. The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. 2010: 314. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 （英语）.

[Smith-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Smith, Brian Tilston; Merwin, Jon; Provost, Kaiya L; Thom, Gregory; Brumfield, Robb T; Ferreira, Mateus; Mauck, William M; Moyle, Robert G; Wright, Timothy F; Joseph, Leo. Phylogenomic Analysis of the Parrots of the World Distinguishes Artifactual from Biological Sources of Gene Tree Discordance. Systematic Biology. 2023-05-19, 72 (1): 228–241 [2023-09-27]. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syac055. （原始内容存档于2023-09-27）（英语）.

[forshaw73-9] Forshaw, Joseph M.; Cooper, William T. Parrots of the World Rev Ed. David & Charles, Newton Abbot, London. 1978-11. ISBN 0715376985 （英语）.

[Provost-10] Provost, Kaiya L.; Joseph, Leo; Smith, Brian Tilston. Resolving a phylogenetic hypothesis for parrots: implications from systematics to conservation. Emu - Austral Ornithology. 2018-01-02, 118 (1): 7–21 [2023-10-12]. ISSN 0158-4197. doi:10.1080/01584197.2017.1387030. （原始内容存档于2022-06-16）（英语）.

[CITES-11] CITES. Appendices (PDF). Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Main navigation. [2023-06-24]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-07-02）（英语）.

[dza-12] Harding, M.; Butchart, S.; Ekstrom, J. Regent Parrot (Polytelis anthopeplus) - BirdLife species factsheet. BirdLife Data Zone. [2023-10-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-04）（英语）.

[dzl-13] Vine, J.; Taylor, J.; Garnett, S.; Benstead, P.; Burbidge, A.H.; Joseph, L. Princess Parrot (Polytelis alexandrae) - BirdLife species factsheet. BirdLife Data Zone. [2023-10-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-27）（英语）.

[dzs-14] McClellan, R.; Benstead, P.; Pilgrim, J.; Garnett, S.; Symes, A.; Taylor, J.; Palmer-Newton, A.; Hermes, C.; Manning, A.; Weston, M.A.; Tzaros, C. Superb Parrot (Polytelis swainsonii) - BirdLife species factsheet. BirdLife Data Zone. [2023-10-12]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-03）（英语）.

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