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低功能自闭症

维基百科,自由的百科全书
低功能自闭症
症状缺乏社交,极度的交流障碍,重复性行为,自我伤害,严重智能障碍
并发症社会孤立、就业问题、家庭压力、霸凌自我伤害[1]
起病年龄两三岁时[2][3]
病程长期
类型智能障碍自闭症
病因基因英语Heritability of autism和环境因素
诊断方法根据行为和发展史
鉴别诊断智力障碍X染色体易裂症焦虑
管理行为治疗言语治疗精神药物[4][5][6]
药物抗精神病药英语Atypical antipsychotics抗抑郁药兴奋剂[7][8][9]
分类和外部资源
医学专科精神病学
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低功能自闭症(英语:Low-functioning autism,缩写:LFA)是一种有智能障碍自闭症(智商69或以下),其症状包括社交或互动障碍,行为怪异,缺乏社交或情感上的互惠性。症状还包括睡眠问题、攻击性和自我伤害[10]

诊断

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美国精神医学学会出版的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》中,并没有对低功能自闭症的诊断。在DSM-4中,低功能自闭症指的是所有有智力障碍(智商69或以下)的自闭症患者。但在目前DSM-5的诊断标准中,已经取消了低功能自闭症的分类。[11]

参见

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参考文献

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  1. ^ Autism spectrum disorder - Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. [13 July 2019]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-14) (英语). 
  2. ^ NIMH " Autism Spectrum Disorder. nimh.nih.gov. October 2016 [20 April 2017]. (原始内容存档于2017-04-21) (英语). 
  3. ^ DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria. [16 December 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-19). 
  4. ^ Myers SM, Johnson CP. Management of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. November 2007, 120 (5): 1162–82 [2020-09-11]. PMID 17967921. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2362. (原始内容存档于2019-03-23). 
  5. ^ Sanchack, KE; Thomas, CA. Autism Spectrum Disorder: Primary Care Principles.. American Family Physician. 15 December 2016, 94 (12): 972–79. PMID 28075089. 
  6. ^ Sukhodolsky, DG; Bloch, MH; Panza, KE; Reichow, B. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety in children with high-functioning autism: a meta-analysis.. Pediatrics. November 2013, 132 (5): e1341–50. PMC 3813396可免费查阅. PMID 24167175. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-1193. 
  7. ^ Ji N, Findling RL. An update on pharmacotherapy for autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. March 2015, 28 (2): 91–101. PMID 25602248. doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000132. 
  8. ^ Oswald DP, Sonenklar NA. Medication use among children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. June 2007, 17 (3): 348–55. PMID 17630868. doi:10.1089/cap.2006.17303. 
  9. ^ Jaeggi, S. M.; Buschkuehl, M.; Jonides, J.; Perrig, W. J. From the Cover: Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2008, 105 (19): 6829–33. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105.6829J. PMC 2383929可免费查阅. PMID 18443283. doi:10.1073/pnas.0801268105. 
  10. ^ Brambilla, P. Brain anatomy and development in autism: Review of structural MRI studies. Brain Research Bulletin. 2003, 61 (6): 557–569. PMID 14519452. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2003.06.001. 
  11. ^ What is Autism, Asperger Syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorders?. US Autism and Asperger Association. [16 December 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-28).