NTERA-2

NTERA-2（也称为NTERA2/D1、NTERA2、NT2）是应用于科研用途的人类胚胎性癌细胞系^[1]，最初NTERA-2是从一名22岁男性原发性睾丸癌患者中分离出来的，然后将肿瘤异种移植到小鼠上，再进行克隆^[2]。

特征

NTERA-2细胞具有类似于早期胚胎细胞的生化和发育特性，可用于研究人类神经发生的早期阶段。这些细胞显示出较高的核质比、突出的核仁和糖脂抗原SSEA-3（英语：Stage specific embryonic antigen 3）的表达。它们对常在神经上皮前体细胞中发现的巢蛋白及波形蛋白，以及常在人类神经上皮细胞中表达的微管相关蛋白呈阳性反应^[3]。同时，NTERA-2细胞也在细胞质内积累着糖原^[2]。

当NTERA-2细胞暴露于视黄酸时，会发生细胞分化并失去SSEA-3的表达，而分化是通过自我更新（英语：Asymmetric cell division）（一种不对称的细胞分裂）产生了神经元。这些细胞形成相互连接的轴突网络，并且表达胶质纤维酸性蛋白（英语：Glial fibrillary acidic protein）（一种神经前体标志物）、破伤风痉挛毒素（英语：Tetanospasmin）受体和神经纤维丝（英语：Neurofilament）蛋白^[4]。暴露于视黄酸的10-14天后，NTERA-2细胞开始呈现神经元的形态特征，例如圆形的胞体^[3]。NTERA-2细胞也可以产生少量的寡突胶质细胞型细胞，但是不能分化为星形胶质细胞^[5]。

科研用途

NTERA-2细胞因与人类胚胎干细胞相似而被用于研究神经元前体细胞的多巴胺能分化^[6] （dopaminergic differentiation），还被提议作为神经毒性的体外测试系统^[7]。

参考资料

^ Lee, VM; Andrews, PW. Differentiation of NTERA-2 clonal human embryonal carcinoma cells into neurons involves the induction of all three neurofilament proteins.. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 1986-02, 6 (2): 514–21 [2020-01-04]. PMID 2419526. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.06-02-00514.1986. （原始内容存档于2020-01-04）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Andrews, PW; Damjanov, I; Simon, D; Banting, GS; Carlin, C; Dracopoli, NC; Føgh, J. Pluripotent embryonal carcinoma clones derived from the human teratocarcinoma cell line Tera-2. Differentiation in vivo and in vitro.. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology. 1984-02, 50 (2): 147–62 [2020-01-04]. PMID 6694356. （原始内容存档于2020-01-04）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Pleasure, SJ; Lee, VM. NTera 2 cells: a human cell line which displays characteristics expected of a human committed neuronal progenitor cell.. Journal of neuroscience research. 1993-08-15, 35 (6): 585–602. PMID 8411264. doi:10.1002/jnr.490350603.
^ Andrews, PW. Retinoic acid induces neuronal differentiation of a cloned human embryonal carcinoma cell line in vitro.. Developmental biology. 1984-06, 103 (2): 285–93 [2020-01-04]. PMID 6144603. doi:10.1016/0012-1606(84)90316-6. （原始内容存档于2020-01-04）.
^ Marchal-Victorion, S; Deleyrolle, L; De Weille, J; Saunier, M; Dromard, C; Sandillon, F; Privat, A; Hugnot, JP. The human NTERA2 neural cell line generates neurons on growth under neural stem cell conditions and exhibits characteristics of radial glial cells.. Molecular and cellular neurosciences. 2003-09, 24 (1): 198–213 [2020-01-04]. PMID 14550780. doi:10.1016/s1044-7431(03)00161-1. （原始内容存档于2020-01-04）.
^ Schwartz, CM; Spivak, CE; Baker, SC; McDaniel, TK; Loring, JF; Nguyen, C; Chrest, FJ; Wersto, R; Arenas, E; Zeng, X; Freed, WJ; Rao, MS. NTera2: a model system to study dopaminergic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells.. Stem cells and development. 2005-10, 14 (5): 517–34 [2020-01-04]. PMID 16305337. doi:10.1089/scd.2005.14.517. （原始内容存档于2020-01-04）.
^ Stern, M; Gierse, A; Tan, S; Bicker, G. Human Ntera2 cells as a predictive in vitro test system for developmental neurotoxicity.. Archives of toxicology. 2014-01, 88 (1): 127–36 [2020-01-04]. PMID 23917397. doi:10.1007/s00204-013-1098-1. （原始内容存档于2020-01-04）.

外部链接

Cellosaurus entry for NTERA-2（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[1] Lee, VM; Andrews, PW. Differentiation of NTERA-2 clonal human embryonal carcinoma cells into neurons involves the induction of all three neurofilament proteins.. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 1986-02, 6 (2): 514–21 [2020-01-04]. PMID 2419526. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.06-02-00514.1986. （原始内容存档于2020-01-04）.

[b-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Andrews, PW; Damjanov, I; Simon, D; Banting, GS; Carlin, C; Dracopoli, NC; Føgh, J. Pluripotent embryonal carcinoma clones derived from the human teratocarcinoma cell line Tera-2. Differentiation in vivo and in vitro.. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology. 1984-02, 50 (2): 147–62 [2020-01-04]. PMID 6694356. （原始内容存档于2020-01-04）.

[a-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Pleasure, SJ; Lee, VM. NTera 2 cells: a human cell line which displays characteristics expected of a human committed neuronal progenitor cell.. Journal of neuroscience research. 1993-08-15, 35 (6): 585–602. PMID 8411264. doi:10.1002/jnr.490350603.

[4] Andrews, PW. Retinoic acid induces neuronal differentiation of a cloned human embryonal carcinoma cell line in vitro.. Developmental biology. 1984-06, 103 (2): 285–93 [2020-01-04]. PMID 6144603. doi:10.1016/0012-1606(84)90316-6. （原始内容存档于2020-01-04）.

[5] Marchal-Victorion, S; Deleyrolle, L; De Weille, J; Saunier, M; Dromard, C; Sandillon, F; Privat, A; Hugnot, JP. The human NTERA2 neural cell line generates neurons on growth under neural stem cell conditions and exhibits characteristics of radial glial cells.. Molecular and cellular neurosciences. 2003-09, 24 (1): 198–213 [2020-01-04]. PMID 14550780. doi:10.1016/s1044-7431(03)00161-1. （原始内容存档于2020-01-04）.

[6] Schwartz, CM; Spivak, CE; Baker, SC; McDaniel, TK; Loring, JF; Nguyen, C; Chrest, FJ; Wersto, R; Arenas, E; Zeng, X; Freed, WJ; Rao, MS. NTera2: a model system to study dopaminergic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells.. Stem cells and development. 2005-10, 14 (5): 517–34 [2020-01-04]. PMID 16305337. doi:10.1089/scd.2005.14.517. （原始内容存档于2020-01-04）.

[7] Stern, M; Gierse, A; Tan, S; Bicker, G. Human Ntera2 cells as a predictive in vitro test system for developmental neurotoxicity.. Archives of toxicology. 2014-01, 88 (1): 127–36 [2020-01-04]. PMID 23917397. doi:10.1007/s00204-013-1098-1. （原始内容存档于2020-01-04）.

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