1948年摩洛哥反犹暴动

1948年6月7日至8日，法属摩洛哥东北部的乌季达和杰拉达发生了反犹太人暴动。在这场暴动中，有43名犹太人和1名法国人被当地穆斯林杀害，约150人受伤^[1]。

背景

暴动始于一名犹太理发师试图携带炸药进入阿尔及利亚。当时大批来自摩洛哥各个地区的犹太复国主义青年秘密越过边界，试图通过阿尔及利亚前往巴勒斯坦。乌季达的穆斯林居民对犹太人离开乌季达移民至巴勒斯坦非常不满，当地穆斯林认为所有前往巴勒斯坦的犹太人都是以色列的军事人员^[2]。此外摩洛哥国王穆罕默德五世就第一次中东战争发表的反犹太复国主义言论也是引发暴动的重要因素^[3]。

暴动

乌季达首先发生暴动，由于乌季达靠近阿尔及利亚边境（阿尔及利亚当时是法国本土的一部分)，乌季达当时是犹太复国主义者离开摩洛哥前往巴勒斯坦的重要中转站，在军队抵达该地之前的3个小时内，有5名犹太人被杀，30人受伤。邻近的杰拉达发生更为严重的暴动，造成39人死亡^[4]。

后果

暴动的发生反而促使更多摩洛哥犹太人移民至以色列。1949年有18 000名摩洛哥犹太人前往以色列，1948年至1956年期间，摩洛哥境内的250 000名犹太人中有110 000人离开摩洛哥^[5]。

参考文献

^ Andrew G. Bostom. The legacy of Islamic antisemitism: from sacred texts to solemn history. Prometheus Books. 2008: 160 [6 March 2011]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-07）.
^ Mandel 2014.
^ Dalit Atrakchi (2001). "The Moroccan Nationalist Movement and Its Attitude toward Jews and Zionism". In Michael M. Laskier and Yaacov Lev. The Divergence of Judaism and Islam. University Press of Florida. p. 163.: "...the riots that broke out on 7 June 1948 in the cities of Oujda and Jerada, close to the border between Morocco and Algeria, which served as a transfer station for Moroccan Jews on their way to Israel... It is believed that the riots were brought on by the speech given a short while earlier by Sultan Muḥammad Ben-Yussuf, which inveighed against the Zionists and cried for solidarity with the Arabs fighting in Israel. Claims have been made that the French authorities not only knew about these impending events but also goaded and collaborated with the instigators as a provocation against the heads of the Moroccan Independence Party, who could later be blamed for committing murder."
^ André Chouraqui (2002), "Between East and West: A History of the Jews of North Africa". ISBN 1-59045-118-X, "Finally, on June 7, the crowd, sparked off by a minor incident, poured into the Jewish quarter. In the three hours that passed before the army could control the mob, five people (including one Frenchman) had been killed, thirty had been severely injured, shops and homes had been sacked. The same night an even more serious riot occurred in the neighboring mining town of Djérada where the Jewish population, consisting of about a hundred souls, had been surrounded by an uncontrollable mob and attacked with outrageous savagery. Neither children nor old men were spared; thirty-nine Jews lost their lives, thirty were severely injured and others less severely so."
^ Green, David B. This Day in Jewish History / Anti-Jewish Rioting in Morocco Leaves 44 Dead. Haaretz. 8 June 2014 [6 May 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-18）（英语）.

[Bostom2008-1] Andrew G. Bostom. The legacy of Islamic antisemitism: from sacred texts to solemn history. Prometheus Books. 2008: 160 [6 March 2011]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-07）.

[FOOTNOTEMandel2014-2] Mandel 2014.

[Atrakchi-3] Dalit Atrakchi (2001). "The Moroccan Nationalist Movement and Its Attitude toward Jews and Zionism". In Michael M. Laskier and Yaacov Lev. The Divergence of Judaism and Islam. University Press of Florida. p. 163.: "...the riots that broke out on 7 June 1948 in the cities of Oujda and Jerada, close to the border between Morocco and Algeria, which served as a transfer station for Moroccan Jews on their way to Israel... It is believed that the riots were brought on by the speech given a short while earlier by Sultan Muḥammad Ben-Yussuf, which inveighed against the Zionists and cried for solidarity with the Arabs fighting in Israel. Claims have been made that the French authorities not only knew about these impending events but also goaded and collaborated with the instigators as a provocation against the heads of the Moroccan Independence Party, who could later be blamed for committing murder."

[4] André Chouraqui (2002), "Between East and West: A History of the Jews of North Africa". ISBN 1-59045-118-X, "Finally, on June 7, the crowd, sparked off by a minor incident, poured into the Jewish quarter. In the three hours that passed before the army could control the mob, five people (including one Frenchman) had been killed, thirty had been severely injured, shops and homes had been sacked. The same night an even more serious riot occurred in the neighboring mining town of Djérada where the Jewish population, consisting of about a hundred souls, had been surrounded by an uncontrollable mob and attacked with outrageous savagery. Neither children nor old men were spared; thirty-nine Jews lost their lives, thirty were severely injured and others less severely so."

[Haaretz-5] Green, David B. This Day in Jewish History / Anti-Jewish Rioting in Morocco Leaves 44 Dead. Haaretz. 8 June 2014 [6 May 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-18）（英语）.

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