马祖鸟类列表
外观
马祖岛屿因地处中国大陆边缘,鸟类分布接近中国大陆华南地区,有别于台湾。且因列岛位居中国大陆弧形沿岸中段,是迁移性候鸟南来北返的中继站,其中鸥科夏候鸟类为数众多,在2000年时更发现了“神话之鸟”黑嘴端凤头燕鸥,引起国际关注。
根据近年来累计调查结果显示,马祖地区的鸟类计有20目56科286种,其中留鸟16种占百分之6,冬候鸟31种占百分之11,夏候鸟14种占百分之5,过境鸟222种占百分之78,迷鸟1种,外来种2种。显示马祖地区鸟类的组成,迁移性的候鸟是其主要的族群。[1]
- 燕鸥科 Sternidae
- 鸥科 Laridae
- 苍燕鸥 - Sterna sumatrana
- 银鸥 - Larus argentatus
- 黑尾鸥 - Larus crassirostris
- 玄燕鸥 - Anous stolidus
- 小燕鸥 - Sterna albifrons
- 白眉燕鸥 - Sterna anaethetus
- 鹰科 Accipitridae
- 𫛭 - Buteo buteo ( Eurasian Buzzard)
- 赤腹鹰 - Accipiter soloensis ( Chinese Goshawk)
- 灰面𫛭鹰 (灰面鹫) - Butastur indicus ( Gray-faced Buzzard)
- 日本松雀鹰 - Accipiter gularis ( Japanese Sparrow Hawk)
- 隼科 Falconidae
- 燕隼 - Falco subbuteo ( Eurasian Hobby)
- 红隼 - Falco tinnunculus ( Eurasian Kestrel)
- 潜鸟科 Gaviidae
- 红喉潜鸟 - Gavia stellata ( Red-throated Diver)
- 䴙䴘科 Podicipedidae
- 小䴙䴘 - Tachybaptus ruficollis ( Little Grebe)
- 黑颈䴙䴘 - Podiceps nigricollis ( Eared Grebe)
- 鹱科 Diomedeidae
- 军舰鸟科 Fregatidae
- 白斑军舰鸟 - Fregata ariel ( Lesser Frigate Bird)
- 鸬鹚科 Phalacrocoracidae
- 青背鸬鹚(丹氏鸬鹚) - Phalacrocorax capillatus ( Japanese Cormorant)
- 大鸬鹚
- 鹭科 Ardeidae
- 牛背鹭 - Bubulcus ibis
- 中白鹭 - Egretta intermedia ( Intermediate Egret)
- 黄小鹭 - Ixobrychus sinensis ( Yellow Bittern)
- 苍鹭 - Ardea cinerea ( Grey Heron)
- 绿鹭 - Butorides striatus
- 池鹭 - Ardeola bacchus ( Chinese Pond Heron)
- 岩鹭 - Egretta sacra ( Pacific Reef Egret)
- 夜鹭 Nycticorax nycticorax ( Black-crowned Night Heron)
- 麻鹭 - Gorsachius goisagi
- 雁鸭科 Anatidae
- 小水鸭 - Anas crecca ( Green-winged Teal)
- 赤颈鸭 - Anas penelope ( Eurasian Wigeon)
- 花嘴鸭 - Anas poecilorhyncha ( Spot-billed Duck)
- 白眉鸭 - Anas querquedula (Garganey)
- 鸳鸯 - Aix galericulata ( Mandarin Duck)
- 秧鸡科 Rallidae
- 董鸡 - Gallicrex cinerea ( Watercock)
- 白腹秧鸡 - Amaurornis phoenicurus ( White-breasted Waterhen)
- 红脚秧鸡 - Rallina fasciata ( Red-legged Crake)
- 雉科 Phasianidae
- 鹌鹑 - Coturnix japonica ( Japanese Quail)
- 水雉科 Jacanidae
- 水雉 - Hydrophasianus chirurgus ( Pheasant-tailed Jacana)
- 蛎鸻科 Haematopodidae
- 蛎鸻 - Haematopus ostralegus ( Eurasian Oystercatcher)
- 鸻科 Charadriidae
- 灰斑鸻 - Pluvialis squatarola ( Grey Plover)
- 铁嘴沙鸻 - Charadrius leschenaultii ( Great Sand Plover)
- 太平洋金斑鸻 - Pluvialis fulva ( Pacific Golden Plover)
- 小环颈鸻 - Charadrius dubius ( Little Ringed Plover)
- 东方环颈鸻 - Charadrius alexandrinus ( Kentish Plover)
- 东方红胸鸻 - Charadrius veredus
- 灰头麦鸡(跳鸻) - Vanellus cinereus ( Grey-headed Lapwing)
- 凤头麦鸡(小辫鸻) - Vanellus vanellus ( Northern Lapwing)
- 东方燕鸻
- 鹬科 Scolopacidae
- 山鹬 - Scolopax rusticola ( Eurasian Woodcock)
- 矶鹬 - Actitis hypoleucos ( Common Sandpiper)
- 田鹬(扇尾沙锥) - Gallinago gallinago ( Common Snipe)
- 小杓鹬 - Numenius minutus ( Little Curlew)
- 大滨鹬 (姥鹬) - Calidris tenuirostris ( Great Knot)
- 黑腹滨鹬 (滨鹬) - Calidris alpina ( Dunlin)
- 红胸滨鹬 (穉鹬) - Calidris ruficollis ( Rufous-necked Sandpiper)
- 白腰草鹬 - Tringa ochropus ( Green Sandpiper)
- 黄足鹬(灰尾鹬) - Heteroscelus brevipes ( Gray-tailed Tattler)
- 三趾滨鹬 (三趾鹬) - Calidris alba ( Sanderling)
- 瓣足鹬科 Phalaropodidae
- 红领瓣足鹬 - Phalaropus lobatus ( Red-necked Phalarope)
- 翠鸟科 Alcedinidae
- 普通翠鸟 - Alcedo atthis ( Common Kingfisher)
- 白喉翡翠 - Halcyon smyrnensis ( White-throated Kingfisher)
- 佛法僧科 Coraciidae
- 佛法僧(三宝鸟) - Eurystomus orientalis ( Dollarbird)
- 鸠鸽科 Columbidae
- 红斑鸠 - Streptopelia tranquebarica ( Red Turtle Dove)
- 珠颈斑鸠 - Streptopelia chinensis formosa (Kuroda, 1927) ( Spotted Dove)
- 金背斑鸠 - Streptopelia orientalis orii Yamashina, 1932 ( Oriental Turtle Dove)
- 戴胜科 Upupidae
- 戴胜 - Upupa epops ( Eurasian Hoopoe)
- 雨燕科 Apodidae
- 叉尾雨燕 - Apus pacificus ( Fork-tailed swift)
- 燕科 Hirundinidae
- 家燕 - Hirundo rustica ( Barn Swallow)
- 金腰燕 - Hirundo daurica ( Red-rumped Swallow)
- 黄鹂科 Oriolidae
- 黑枕黄鹂 - Oriolus chinensis ( Black-naped Oriole)
- 鸦科 Corvidae
- 小嘴乌鸦 - Corvus corone ( Carrion Crow)
- 百灵科 Alaudidae
- 云雀 - Alauda arvensis
- 鹡鸰科 Motacillidae
- 树鹨 - Anthus hodgsoni ( Olive-backed Tree Pipit)
- 田鹨 - Anthus novaeseelandiae
- 水鹨 - Anthus spinoletta ( American Pipit)
- 赤喉鹨 - Anthus cervinus ( Red-throated Pipit)
- 白背鹨 - Anthus gustavi ( Petchora Pipit)
- 白鹡鸰 - Motacilla alba ( White Wagtail)
- 灰鹡鸰 - Motacilla cinerea ( Grey Wagtail)
- 黄鹡鸰 - Motacilla flava ( Yellow Wagtail)
- 山鹡鸰 - Dendronanthus indicus ( Forest Wagtail)
- 山椒鸟科 Campephagidae
- 暗灰鹃鵙(黑翅山椒鸟) - Coracina melaschistos ( Dark-grey Cuckoo Shrike)
- 鹎科 Pycnonotidae
- 白头鹎(白头翁) - Pycnonotus sinensis formosae Hartert, 1910 ( Light-vented Bulbul)
- 绣眼科 Zosteropidae
- 绿绣眼 - Zosterops japonicus ( Japanese White-eye)
- 伯劳科 Laniidae
- 红头伯劳 - Lanius bucephalus ( Bull-headed Shrike)
- 红尾伯劳 - Lanius cristatus ( Brown Shrike)
- 棕背伯劳 - Lanius schach formosae Swinhoe, 1863 ( Long-tailed Shrike)
- 鹟科 Muscicapidae
- 宽嘴鹟 - Muscicapa dauurica ( Asian Brown Flycatcher)
- 灰斑鹟 - Muscicapa griseisticta ( Gray-spotted Flycatcher)
- 赤颈鸫 - Turdus ruficollis
- 白斑紫啸鸫 - Myophonus caeruleus
- 漠䳭 - Oenanthe deserti ( Desert Wheatear)
- 红尾水鸲 - Phoenicurus fuliginosus affinis Ogilvie-Grant
- 白顶溪鸲 - Chaimarrornis leucocephalus
- 灰林鸲 - Saxicola ferrea
- 黑喉鸲 - Saxicola torquatus
- 北红尾鸲 - Muscicapa ferruginea
- 雀科 Fringillidae
- 花雀 - Fringilla montifringilla ( Brambling)
- 金翅雀 - Carduelis sinica ( Oriental Greenfinch)
- 红胁蓝尾鸲 - Tarsiger cyanurus
- 小桑鸤 - Eophona migratoria ( Yellow-billed Grosbeak)
- 梅花雀科 Estrildidae
- 斑文鸟 - Lonchura punctulata ( Nutmeg Mannikin Munia)
- 麻雀 - Passer montanus ( Eurasian Tree Sparrow)
- 鸫科 Turdidae
- 乌鸫 - Turdus merula ( Eurasian Blackbird)
- 蓝矶鸫 - Monticola solitarius ( Blue Rock Thrush)
- 斑点鸫 - Turdus naumanni ( Dusky Thrush)
- 白眉鸫 - Turdus obscurus ( Eyebrowed Thrush)
- 白腹鸫 - Turdus pallidus ( Pale Thrush)
- 虎斑地鸫 - Zoothera dauma ( Scaly Thrush)
- 鹊鸲 - Copsyshus saularis ( Oriental Magpie-robin)
- 莺科 Sylviidae
- 极北柳莺 - Phylloscopus borealis ( Arctic Warbler)
- 短翅树莺 - Cettia diphone ( Japanese Bush Warbler)
- 棕扇尾莺 - Cisticola juncidis ( Zitting Cisticola)
- 黄眉柳莺 - Phylloscopus inornatus ( Yellow-browed Warbler)
- 东方大苇莺 - Acrocephalus orientalis( Oriental Reed Warbler)
- 鹀科 Emberizidae
- 小鹀 - Emberiza pusilla ( Little Bunting)
- 冠鹀 - Melophus lathami ( Crested Bunting)
- 田鹀 - Emberiza rustica ( Rustic Bunting)
- 野鹀 - Emberiza sulphurata ( Yellow Bunting)
- 金鹀 - Emberiza aureola ( Yellow-breasted Bunting)
- 锈鹀 - Emberiza rutila ( Chestnut Bunting)
- 白眉鹀 - Emberiza tristrami ( Tristram's Bunting)
- 黄眉鹀 - Emberiza chrysophrys ( Yellow-browed Bunting)
- 黑脸鹀 - Emberiza spodocephala ( Black-faced Bunting)
- 黄喉鹀 - Emberiza elegans ( Yellow-throated Bunting)
- 赤胸鹀 - Emberiza fucata ( Chestnut-eared Bunting)
- 卷尾科 Dicruridae
- 灰卷尾 - Dicrurus leucophaeus ( Ashy Drongo)
- 大卷尾 - Dicrurus macrocercus harterti Baker ( Black Drongo)
- 发冠卷尾 - Dicrurus hottentottus ( Hair-Crested Drongo)
- 椋鸟科 Sturnidae
- 灰椋鸟 - Sturnus cineraceus ( White-cheeked Starling)
- 丝光椋鸟 - Sturnus sericeus ( Red-billed Starling)
- 灰背椋鸟 (噪林鸟) - Sturnus sinensis ( White-shouldered Starling)
- 紫翅椋鸟 (欧洲八哥) - Sturnus vulgaris ( European Starling)