古代罗马大地产制

大地产（拉丁语：latifundium） ^[1]是人们对古代罗马境内大型私有土地的称呼。罗马帝国对外出口的谷物、橄榄油或葡萄酒都来自这些大型私人土地。这些土地上的劳动力主要是奴隶。很多人通过购买、承租公有地形成了自己的大面积私人土地。格拉古兄弟改革期间曾限制占有公有地，这时期大地产制的发展一度受阻。不过2至5世纪地中海地区主要的土地所有制形式依旧是大地产制。^[2]

参考文献

^ The singular *latifundium occurs but once (in Pliny's Natural History 13.92, with the meaning "estate", suggesting to Anton J.L. van Hooff an undefined, colloquial deprecating term, rather than a description of a particular type of farm. To the linguistic evidence presented by K.D. White, (Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 14 [1967:62-79]), who found only seven instances of the rare word latifundia in Roman texts, Van Hooff added five more instances in "Some More Latifundia" Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 31,1 (1st Quarter 1982:126-128), and found that two were "in a neutral, almost technical way" (p. 128).
^ 古代罗马大地产制 - 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版. www.zgbk.com. [2023-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-02）.

[1] The singular *latifundium occurs but once (in Pliny's Natural History 13.92, with the meaning "estate", suggesting to Anton J.L. van Hooff an undefined, colloquial deprecating term, rather than a description of a particular type of farm. To the linguistic evidence presented by K.D. White, (Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 14 [1967:62-79]), who found only seven instances of the rare word latifundia in Roman texts, Van Hooff added five more instances in "Some More Latifundia" Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 31,1 (1st Quarter 1982:126-128), and found that two were "in a neutral, almost technical way" (p. 128).

[2] 古代罗马大地产制 - 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版. www.zgbk.com. [2023-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-02）.

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