用戶:愛蟻小白/收穫蟻屬

收穫蟻屬
	未交配的野蠻收穫蟻雌性繁殖蟻 Messor barbarus（英語：Messor barbarus）
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	節肢動物門 Arthropoda
綱：	昆蟲綱 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：	蟻科 Formicidae
亞科：	家蟻亞科 Myrmicinae
屬：	收穫蟻屬 Messor; Forel, 1890
模式種
	野蠻收穫蟻 Formica barbara; Linnaeus, 1767
多樣性
	100種以上左右
異名
	Cratomyrmex Emery, 1892; Lobognathus Enzmann, J., 1947

收穫蟻屬(學名：Messor) 是蟻科、切葉蟻亞科的一個屬，該屬有着100多個成員，命名方式源自羅馬神話中的農作物和收穫之神梅索爾 (Messor ) 。地下群落通常分佈在空曠的田野和路邊附近，開口直接通向地面。

該屬物種的群落可達到很大的規模，並以其設計精巧的糧倉而聞名。在糧倉中，種子被儲存在乾燥的環境中，以防止發芽。 Messor spp. 的結構巢穴非常複雜，總體而言，該屬物種有着很強大的建築能力。

收穫蟻有很多種分化，並且具有獨特的大頭特化，它們的作用是搬運種子以及開種子。雖然它們主要以種子為食，但偶爾也會吃蟲肉。一些蝸牛殼可能因為其形狀像穀物而被帶入巢穴。 ^[2]

收穫蟻具有堅韌、光滑的幾丁質外骨骼。行動緩慢，形成長長的攜帶種子的通道。收穫蟻往往是單後制的，一個群落僅由一位蜂后建立，但在人為的環境下，收穫蟻可以變成多後群落，但這往往會有蟻后死亡的風險。

以沙地收穫蟻（Messor arenarius）為例，與其他類型的收割蟻一樣，它們在尋找食物來源時會釋放追蹤信息素，並在個體層面上進行操作。 ^[3]

下屬物種屬物種

該屬包括一下物種：

Messor abdelazizi Santschi, 1921
Messor aciculatus (Smith, 1874)
Messor aegyptiacus (Emery, 1878)
Messor alexandri Tohme, 1981
Messor mediorubra
Messor andrei (Mayr, 1886)
Messor angularis Santschi, 1928
Messor antennatus Emery, 1908
Messor aphaenogasteroides Pisarski, 1967
Messor aralocaspius Ruzsky, 1902
Messor arenarius (Fabricius, 1787)
Messor atanassovii Atanassov, 1982
野蠻收穫蟻 Messor barbarus（英語：Messor barbarus） (Linnaeus, 1767) 原生收穫蟻
Messor beduinus Emery, 1922
Messor berbericus Bernard, 1955
Messor bernardi Cagniant, 1967
Messor bouvieri Bondroit, 1918
Messor buettikeri Collingwood, 1985
Messor caducus (Victor, 1839)
Messor capensis (Mayr, 1862)
Messor plinii
巨首收穫蟻 Messor capitatus（英語：Messor capitatus） (Latreille, 1798) 肯雅收穫蟻
Messor carthaginensis Bernard, 1980
Messor caviceps (Forel, 1902)
Messor celiae Reyes, 1985
Messor cephalotes (Emery, 1895)
Messor ceresis Santschi, 1934
Messor chamberlini Wheeler, 1915
Messor clypeatus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
Messor muticus (Nylander, 1849)
Messor collingwoodi Bolton, 1982
Messor concolor Santschi, 1927
Messor decipiens Santschi, 1917
Messor dentatus Santschi, 1927
Messor denticornis Forel, 1910
Messor denticulatus Santschi, 1927
Messor arcistriatus
Messor diabarensis Arnol'di, 1969
Messor ebeninus Santschi, 1927
Messor hesperius Santschi, 1927
Messor excursionis Ruzsky, 1905
Messor ferreri Collingwood, 1993
Messor foreli Santschi, 1923
Messor fraternus Ruzsky, 1905
Messor galla (Mayr, 1904)
Messor ebininus Santschi
Messor hebraeus Santschi, 1927
Messor hellenius Agosti & Collingwood, 1987
Messor himalayanus (Forel, 1902)
Messor hispanicus Santschi, 1919
Messor ibericus Santschi, 1931
Messor incisus Stitz, 1923
Messor incorruptus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929
Messor inermis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929
Messor instabilis (Smith, 1858)
Messor intermedius Santschi, 1927
Messor julianus (Pergande, 1894)
Messor kasakorum Arnol'di, 1969
Messor kisilkumensis Arnol'di, 1969
Messor lamellicornis Arnol'di, 1968
Messor lariversi (Smith, 1951)
Messor kazakorum Arnoldi, 1969
Messor lobicornis Forel, 1894
Messor lobognathus Andrews, 1916
Messor luebberti Forel, 1910
Messor luridus Santschi, 1927
Messor eglalae Sharaf
Messor lusitanicus Tinaut, 1985
Messor maculifrons Santschi, 1927
Messor mcarthuri
Messor marikovskii Arnol'di, 1969
Messor marocanus Santschi, 1927
Messor medioruber Santschi, 1910
Messor melancholicus Arnol'di, 1977
Messor minor (Andre, 1883)
Messor turcmenochorassanicus Arnol'di, 1977
Messor nahali Tohme, 1981
Messor niloticus Santschi, 1938
Messor oertzeni Forel, 1910
Messor olegianus Arnol'di, 1969
Messor orientalis (Emery, 1898)
Messor perantennatus Arnol'di, 1969
Messor pergandei（英語：Messor pergandei） (Mayr, 1886)
Messor piceus Stitz, 1923
Messor picturatus Santschi, 1927
Messor planiceps Stitz, 1917
Messor postpetiolatus Santschi, 1917
Messor regalis (Emery, 1892)
Messor reticuliventris Karavaiev, 1910
Messor rufotestaceus (Foerster, 1850)
Messor rufus Santschi, 1923
Messor ruginodis Stitz, 1916
Messor rugosus (Andre, 1881)
Messor sanctus Emery, 1921
Messor aciculatus (Smith, 1874)
Messor sculpturatus Carpenter, 1930
Messor semirufus (Andre, 1883)
Messor semoni (Forel, 1906)
Messor smithi (Cole, 1963)
Messor sordidus (Forel, 1892)
Messor stoddardi (Emery, 1895)
Messor striatellus Arnol'di, 1969
Messor creticus Salata & Borowiec, 2019
Messor striaticeps (Andre, 1883)
Messor striatifrons Stitz, 1923
Messor striativentris Emery, 1908
工匠收穫蟻 Messor structor (Latreille, 1798)
Messor subgracilinodis Arnol'di, 1969
Messor sultanus Santschi, 1917
Messor syriacus Tohme, 1969
Messor testaceus Donisthorpe, 1950
Messor timidus (Espadaler, 1997)
Messor tropicorum Wheeler, 1922
Messor turcmenochorassanicus Arnol'di, 1977
Messor valentinae Arnol'di, 1969
Messor variabilis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
Messor vaucheri Emery, 1908
Messor vicinus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
Messor wasmanni Krausse, 1910

Messor minor x cf. wasmanni (Interspecific hybrid)
Messor hismai Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
Messor hodnii Barech, Khaldi, Espadaler & Cagniant, 2020
Messor spec Santschi, 1927
Messor erectus

參考文獻

^ Bolton, B. Messor. AntCat. 2015 [10 January 2015].
^ Páll-Gergely, Barna; Péter Sólymos. Ants as shell collectors: notes on land snail shells found around ant nests. Malacologica Bohemoslovaca. 2009, 8: 14–18. S2CID 58911371. doi:10.5817/MaB2009-8-14 .
^ Segev, Udi; Yaron Ziv. Consequences of behavioral vs. numerical dominance on foraging activity of desert seed-eating ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2012, 66 (4): 623–632. S2CID 18089283. doi:10.1007/s00265-011-1310-3.

[[Category:家蚁亚科]] [[Category:使用生物多样性栏目的条目]]

[AntCat-1] Bolton, B. Messor. AntCat. 2015 [10 January 2015].

[2] Páll-Gergely, Barna; Péter Sólymos. Ants as shell collectors: notes on land snail shells found around ant nests. Malacologica Bohemoslovaca. 2009, 8: 14–18. S2CID 58911371. doi:10.5817/MaB2009-8-14 .

[3] Segev, Udi; Yaron Ziv. Consequences of behavioral vs. numerical dominance on foraging activity of desert seed-eating ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2012, 66 (4): 623–632. S2CID 18089283. doi:10.1007/s00265-011-1310-3.

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