卡漢主義

卡漢主義（希伯來語：כהניזם‎ ) 是宗教錫安主義中的一種觀點，卡漢主義由以色列猶太保衛同盟及凱煦創始人梅爾·卡漢的觀點發展而來。

梅爾·卡漢認為，阿拉伯裔以色列人是猶太人和以色列的敵人，他認為應該建立一個非猶太人沒有投票權的猶太教神權國家（英語：Halachic state）。 ^[1] 梅爾·卡漢提議以色列國應該執行邁蒙尼德版的哈拉卡，根據梅爾·卡漢的提議，希望繼續在以色列定居的非猶太人將被視為「外來居民」，他們的政治權利將被剝奪。那些不願接受這種身份的人將被驅逐出以色列。 ^[2]

以卡漢主義作為意識形態的凱煦已被以色列政府取締。 ^[3]^[4]

一些不支持卡漢主義的人認為卡漢主義其實是一種新法西斯主義。國土報、+972雜誌^[5]^[6]^[7]等報紙都明確表示卡漢主義就是法西斯主義。聯合國人權事務高級專員辦事處認為卡漢主義「總體上詆毀阿拉伯人，尤其是巴勒斯坦人」。 ^[8]反對卡漢主義的人士認為卡哈尼主義者主張暴力擴張、極端種族主義和極端民族主義。 ^[9]梅爾·卡漢關於「敵人就在內部」的主張根本就和典型的法西斯主義分子差不多。 ^[10]

梅爾·卡漢終其一生都否認這些指控，反而稱他的反對者為「左派」和「法西斯分子」。 ^[11]他把自己為爭取以色列民族純粹性而進行的鬥爭比作猶太人在納粹大屠殺期間為反抗法西斯勢力進行的鬥爭。

參考文獻

^ God's Law: an Interview with Rabbi Meir Kahane. [2012-12-18]. （原始內容存檔於February 19, 2009）. : "Any non-Jew, including the Arabs, can have the status of a foreign resident in Israel if he accepts the law of the Halacha. I don’t differentiate between Arabs and non-Arabs. The only difference I make is between Jews and non-Jews. If a non-Jew wants to live here, he must agree to be a foreign resident, be he Arab or not. He does not have and cannot have national rights in Israel. He can have civil rights, social rights, but he cannot be a citizen; he won’t have the right to vote. Again, whether he’s Arab or not."
^ Kahane, Meir. Uncomfortable Questions for Comfortable Jews. L. Stuart. 1987: 250. ISBN 978-0-8184-0438-2. All Arabs who are prepared to accept the State of Israel as the exclusive state of the Jewish people and of no one else, will be allowed to remain in the land with the status of 'resident stranger,' as per Jewish laws. They will be granted personal rights but no national ones. They will have general economic, social, cultural, and 宗教自由 but will not be citizens of the Jewish State and will have nothing to say in its future in any way. Accepting this status, they are welcome to remain and are entitled to all the respect and decency that 猶太教 demands we grant to all humans who are resident strangers in our land and who bow to its laws and concepts.
^ U.S. Dept. of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2004. April 2005 (PDF).
^ Country Reports on Terrorism 2004 (PDF). State.gov.
^ Roth-Rowland, Natasha. Israel's fascist sideshow takes center stage. +972 Magazine. 2019-02-24 [2023-11-13] （美國英語）.
^ IMEU. Fact Sheet: Meir Kahane & The Extremist Kahanist Movement | IMEU. imeu.org. [2023-11-13] （英語）.
^ It's Official Now: Fascism Is Us. Haaretz. [2023-11-13] （英語）.
^ UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. Report of the High Commissioner for Human Rights on the use of the Internet for purposes of incitement to racial hatred, racist propaganda and xenophobia, and on ways of promoting international cooperation in this area (報告): 5. 27 April 2001.
^ Sprinzak, Ehud. Kach and Meir Kahane: The Emergence of Jewish Quasi-Fascism I: Origins and Development. Patterns of Prejudice. July 1985, 19 (3): 15–21. doi:10.1080/0031322X.1985.9969820.
^ Heschel, Susannah. Meir Kahane and Race as Incarnational Theology. Journal of Religious Ethics. June 2022, 50 (2): 293–302. S2CID 251513046. doi:10.1111/jore.12398.
^ Hall, Carla. The Message of Meir Kahane. Washington Post. 11 September 1984.

[1] God's Law: an Interview with Rabbi Meir Kahane. [2012-12-18]. （原始內容存檔於February 19, 2009）. : "Any non-Jew, including the Arabs, can have the status of a foreign resident in Israel if he accepts the law of the Halacha. I don’t differentiate between Arabs and non-Arabs. The only difference I make is between Jews and non-Jews. If a non-Jew wants to live here, he must agree to be a foreign resident, be he Arab or not. He does not have and cannot have national rights in Israel. He can have civil rights, social rights, but he cannot be a citizen; he won’t have the right to vote. Again, whether he’s Arab or not."

[2] Kahane, Meir. Uncomfortable Questions for Comfortable Jews. L. Stuart. 1987: 250. ISBN 978-0-8184-0438-2. All Arabs who are prepared to accept the State of Israel as the exclusive state of the Jewish people and of no one else, will be allowed to remain in the land with the status of 'resident stranger,' as per Jewish laws. They will be granted personal rights but no national ones. They will have general economic, social, cultural, and 宗教自由 but will not be citizens of the Jewish State and will have nothing to say in its future in any way. Accepting this status, they are welcome to remain and are entitled to all the respect and decency that 猶太教 demands we grant to all humans who are resident strangers in our land and who bow to its laws and concepts.

[state.gov-3] U.S. Dept. of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2004. April 2005 (PDF).

[auto-4] Country Reports on Terrorism 2004 (PDF). State.gov.

[5] Roth-Rowland, Natasha. Israel's fascist sideshow takes center stage. +972 Magazine. 2019-02-24 [2023-11-13] （美國英語）.

[6] IMEU. Fact Sheet: Meir Kahane & The Extremist Kahanist Movement | IMEU. imeu.org. [2023-11-13] （英語）.

[7] It's Official Now: Fascism Is Us. Haaretz. [2023-11-13] （英語）.

[8] UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. Report of the High Commissioner for Human Rights on the use of the Internet for purposes of incitement to racial hatred, racist propaganda and xenophobia, and on ways of promoting international cooperation in this area (報告): 5. 27 April 2001.

[9] Sprinzak, Ehud. Kach and Meir Kahane: The Emergence of Jewish Quasi-Fascism I: Origins and Development. Patterns of Prejudice. July 1985, 19 (3): 15–21. doi:10.1080/0031322X.1985.9969820.

[10] Heschel, Susannah. Meir Kahane and Race as Incarnational Theology. Journal of Religious Ethics. June 2022, 50 (2): 293–302. S2CID 251513046. doi:10.1111/jore.12398.

[11] Hall, Carla. The Message of Meir Kahane. Washington Post. 11 September 1984.

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