用戶:JuneAugust/Hans Lippershey
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| Hans Lippershey | |
|---|---|
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| 出生 | 1570年 Wesel, Duchy of Cleves, Germany |
| 逝世 | 1619年9月（48—49歲） Middelburg, Netherlands |
| 國籍 | German, Dutch |
| 職業 | spectacle-maker |
| 知名於 | Inventor of the telescope (earliest known patent application) |
漢斯·利伯謝中新網[1]（Hans Lippershey，1570年—1619年9月，又稱Johann Lippershey約翰·利珀斯海[2]或Lipperhey）was a German-Dutch spectacle-maker. He is commonly associated with the invention of the telescope,[3] although it is unclear if he was the first to build one.
生平
[編輯]漢斯·利伯謝1570年生於德國西部的韋塞爾。1594年，他在荷蘭澤蘭省的首府米德爾堡定居，同年結婚，並於1602年成為澤蘭的公民。那段時間，他成了一個主鏡頭磨床和眼鏡製造商，並開了一個店。他在米德爾堡直到1619年9月去世。
望遠鏡的發明
[編輯]Hans Lippershey is known for the earliest written record of a refracting telescope, a patent he filed in 1608.[4][5] His work with optical devices grew out of his work as a spectacle maker,[6] an industry that had started in Venice and Florence in the thirteenth century,[7] and later expanded to the Netherlands and Germany.[8]
Lippershey applied, to the States General of the Netherlands on 2 October 1608, for a patent for his instrument "for seeing things far away as if they were nearby",[9] beating another Dutch instrument-maker's patent, Jacob Metius, by a few weeks. Lippershey failed to receive a patent since the same claim for invention had also been made by other spectacle-makers[10][11] but he was handsomely rewarded by the Dutch government for copies of his design.
Lippershey's application for a patent was mentioned at the end of a diplomatic report on an embassy to Holland from the Kingdom of Siam sent by the Siamese king Ekathotsarot: Ambassades du Roy de Siam envoyé à l'Excellence du Prince Maurice, arrivé à La Haye le 10 Septemb. 1608 (Embassy of the King of Siam sent to his Excellency Prince Maurice, arrived at The Hague on 10 September 1608). This report was issued in October 1608 and distributed across Europe, leading to experiments by other scientists, such as the Italian Paolo Sarpi, who received the report in November, the Englishman Thomas Harriot, who was using a six-powered telescope by the summer of 1609, and Galileo Galilei, who improved the device.[12]
There are many stories as to how Lippershey came by his invention. One version has Lippershey observing two children playing with lenses in his shop and commenting how they could make a far away weather-vane seem closer when looking at it through two lenses. Other stories have Lippershey's apprentice coming up with the idea or have Lippershey copying someone else's discovery.[13] Lippershey's original instrument consisted of either two convex lenses with an inverted image or a convex objective and a concave eyepiece lens so it would have an upright image.[14] This "Dutch perspective glass" (the name "telescope" would not be coined until three years later by Giovanni Demisiani) had a three-times (or 3X) magnification.
The lunar crater Lippershey and the minor planet 31338 Lipperhey are named after him.
註腳
[編輯]- ^ 魏冬. 揭秘全球十大最大望远镜. 中新網. 2011-01-31 [2015-05-06] （中文（中國大陸））.
眼鏡店老闆漢斯·利伯謝(Hans Lippershey)提交
- ^ 蔡金棟; 梁薇. 从工具到技术统治. 機械工業出版社. 2013-10-22 [2015-05-06]. ISBN 978-7-111-44248-6 （中文（中國大陸））.
荷蘭眼鏡製造工匠約翰·利珀斯海（Johann Lippershey）很
- ^ The History of the Telescope, by Henry C. King, page 30
- ^ The History of the Telescope By Henry C. King, page 30
- ^ Light Years: An Exploration of Mankind's Enduring Fascination with Light By Brian Clegg
- ^ Fred Watson, Stargazer (page 55)
- ^ galileo.rice.edu The Galileo Project > Science > The Telescope by Al Van Helden
- ^ The History of the Telescope By Henry C. King, page 27, "(spectacles) invention, an important step in the history of the telescope"
- ^ Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna - TELESCOPES
- ^ Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna - TELESCOPES "The request however was turned down, also because other spectacle-makers had made similar claims at the same time."
- ^ "The Hague discussed the patent applications first of Hans Lipperhey of Middelburg, and then of Jacob Metius of Alkmaar... another citizen of Middelburg, Zacharias Janssen had a telescope at about the same time but was at the Frankfurt Fair where he tried to sell it" galileo.rice.edu The Galileo Project > Science > The Telescope by Al Van Helden
- ^ Van Helden (1977, p.40; 1985, p.65), Drake (1978, p.138)
- ^ A people's history of science: miners, midwives, and "low mechanicks" By Clifford D. Conner
- ^ A people's history of science: miners, midwives, and "low mechanicks" By Clifford D. Conner
參考
[編輯]- Drake, Stillman. Galileo At Work. Mineola, NY: Dover. 1978. ISBN 0-486-49542-6.
- Van Helden, Albert. The Invention of the Telescope. Philadelphia, PA: The American Philosophical Society. 1977. ISBN 0-87169-674-6.
- Van Helden, Albert. Measuring the Universe. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press. 1985. ISBN 0-226-84881-7.
外部連結
[編輯]
- Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics and You - Timeline - Hans Lippershey
- 400th Anniversary of the Invention of the Telescope