糞鏽傘科
糞銹傘科
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| Bolbitius titubans | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 真菌界 Fungi |
| 門： | 擔子菌門 Basidiomycota |
| 綱： | 傘菌綱 Agaricomycetes |
| 目： | 傘菌目 Agaricales |
| 科： | 糞銹傘科 Bolbitiaceae Singer (1948) |
| 模式屬 | |
| 糞銹傘屬 Bolbitius Fr. (1838)
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| 屬 | |
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糞鏽傘科（學名：Bolbitiaceae），也稱糞傘科，是擔子菌門傘菌目的一個科，於1948年由洛夫·辛格定義[1]。截至2008年共有17個屬，包含287個物種[2]。本科物種的蕈傘表面具有由擬子實層型（hymenoderm）的菌蓋皮。蕈傘形狀為圓形至鐘形，質地脆弱，顏色則白色、淺黃、褐色與棕色皆有，蕈柄一般為細長形，有些基部稍微膨大，某些物種具有內蓋膜。擔孢子為黃棕色、肉桂色或紅褐色，頂部有萌發孔，表面平滑或有飾物。[3]。許多屬的子實體形狀與小菇屬的種類相似。
2002年一篇大規模的種系發生學研究以核糖體大次單元的基因序列分析傘菌目下各類群的親緣關係，結果顯示糞鏽傘科與疣孢斑褶菇屬、花褶傘屬等斑褶菇亞科（Panaeoloideae）的類群關係較為接近[4]。
下級分類
[編輯]本科包括以下屬：
- 田頭菇屬 Agrogaster D.A.Reid, 1986
- 糞銹傘屬 Bolbitius Fr.
- 錐蓋傘屬 Conocybe Fayod, 1889
- Cyphellopus Fayod
- Cyttarophyllopsis R.Heim, 1968
- Descolea Singer, 1952
- Descomyces Bougher & Castellano
- Galerella Earle
- 胄腹菌屬 Galeropsis Velen.
- Gastrocybe Watling
- Gymnoglossum Massee, 1891
- 疣孢斑褶菇屬 Panaeolina Maire
- 斑褶菇屬 Panaeolus (Fr.) Quél., 1872
- Pholiotella Speg.
- Pholiotina Fayod
- Pholiotina alba (Enderle) Hauskn. & Enderle
- Pholiotina altoandina Singer
- Pholiotina arnoldsii Hauskn.
- Pholiotina atrocyanea Esteve-Rav., Hauskn. & Rejos
- Pholiotina blattaria (Fr.) Fayod
- Pholiotina caricicola Singer
- Pholiotina cyanopus (G.F.Atk.) Singer
- Pholiotina cyanopus G.F.Atk.
- Pholiotina dasypus (Romagn.) P.-A.Moreau
- Pholiotina estevei Hauskn., 2011
- Pholiotina flava (Peck) Hauskn., Krisai & Voglmayr
- Pholiotina galerinoides Contu
- Pholiotina glutinosa E.Horak & Hauskn.
- Pholiotina gracilenta (Watling & G.M.Taylor) J.A.Cooper
- Pholiotina indica K.A.Thomas, Hauskn. & Manim.
- Pholiotina longistipitata E.F.Malysheva & Kiyashko
- Pholiotina maireiaffinis Singer
- Pholiotina mediterranea Siquier & Salom
- Pholiotina microspora Singer
- Pholiotina peronata Kühner & Maire ex Singer, 1951
- Pholiotina pilosa E.Horak, Hauskn. & Desjardin
- Pholiotina pleurocystidiata Hauskn. & Krisai
- Pholiotina plumbeitincta (G.F.Atk.) Hauskn., Krisai & Voglmayr
- Pholiotina pseudoampullaceocystis Karich
- Pholiotina resinosocystidiata E.Horak & Hauskn.
- Pholiotina rimosa (Velen.) Hauskn. & Svrček
- Pholiotina rostraticystidiata E.Ludw.
- Pholiotina sphagnicola [5]
- Pholiotina striipes (Cooke) Singer
- Pholiotina sulcata Arnolds & Hauskn.
- Pholiotina teneroides (J.E.Lange) Singer
- Pholiotina veregregia Contu
- Pholiotina vesiculosa E.Horak & Hauskn.
- Pholiotina viscidula Contu
- Pluteolus (Fr.) Gillet, 1876
- Ptychella Roze & Boudier, 1879
- Rhodoarrhenia Singer, 1964
- Setchelliogaster Pouzar
- Timgrovea Bougher & Castellano, 1993
- Tubariella E.Horak & Hausknecht, 2002
- Tubariopsis R.Heim, 1931
- Tympanella E.Horak, 1971
- Wielandomyces J.Raithelhuber, 1988
參考資料
[編輯]
- ^ Singer R. New and interesting species of Basidiomycetes. II. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Sciences. 1948, 32: 103–150 (see p. 147).
- ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. Dictionary of the Fungi 10th. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 2008: 96. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
- ^ Donald M. Huffman. Mushrooms and Other Fungi of the Midcontinental United States. University of Iowa Press. 2008: 55. ISBN 1587297256.
- ^ Moncalvo JM, Vilgalys R, Redhead SA, Johnson JE, James TY, Catherine Aime M, Hofstetter V, Verduin SJ, Larsson E, Baroni TJ, Greg Thorn R, Jacobsson S, Clémençon H, Miller OK Jr. One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2002, 23 (3): 357–400 [2018-10-21]. PMID 12099793. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00027-1. （原始內容存檔於2018-03-24）.
- ^ G. BURENBAATAR, HAN-BING SONG & TOLGOR BAU. Pholiotina sphagnicola sp. nov. (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) from Mongolia. Phytotaxa Vol. 649 No. 2: 20 May 2024