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空降部隊

維基百科，自由的百科全書

空降

軍事跳傘或滑翔前運人員或物資的形式。

用途

提供人員，設備或耗材。

起源

起源於1927年11月意大利部隊。

空降部隊（英語：Airborne forces）屬於軍事單位，早期為輕裝步兵，近年分演為「傘降兵」、「機降兵（英語：Glider infantry）」、「空中突擊兵」3種。其部隊運動通常採用運輸機等航空器進行「空投」來戰鬥。因此，他們可以投入敵後，有能力在幾乎任何地方進行部署。二戰直到現在空降兵仍然具有高度風險，空降部隊的編隊輜重往往是有限的，只能經由他們的航空器進行運輸，難以匯集足夠持續的軍力，因此主要的優勢在於情報得利之「在幾分鐘內突然冒出的數量和大小」，否則一旦沒配合好就會遭遇重大損失，歐美稱為「垂直包圍行動」（英語：vertical envelopment）。[1][2]

一般

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空降部隊運用概分為3類：

空降的基本前提是，他們可以快速抵達，不能快速部署一個連貫的防禦。據推測，這種戰術上的優勢不能持續很長，所以傘兵必須善用敵人的資材，不斷通過空中補給或等待地面部隊以得到支援。[7]雖然空降部隊在運輸過程中通常手無寸鐵，但是，他們的突然出現帶給守衛部隊一瞬間「驚奇」或「衝擊」。[4]

空降部隊一般（早期）都是由步兵、輕量、非裝甲車輛（例如吉普車、悍馬車等高機動車）和槍支及迫擊砲組成。在第二次世界大戰中，傘兵使用了輕型摩托車，如美軍Cushman 公司（英語：Cushman (company)）53型速克達（G683）和英軍威爾單兵摩托車。

韓戰結束後，輕重量車輛能夠通過降落傘空降開始研發，例如M-551謝里登輕型坦克。蘇聯開發BMD-1步兵戰車和BMD-3步兵戰車。直升機可以運輸輕型裝甲車，例如德國鼬鼠裝甲車、美軍LAV-25裝甲車和英國的CVR (T)（英語：Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked)）等。以及，大型運輸機可供運輸少量主戰坦克或較笨重的步兵戰車。

許多空降重武器例如坦克，吉普車擔心落地時摔壞，尤考驗單位事前準備

戰爭史

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相關影視劇作

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參考文獻

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引用

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  1. ^ 存档副本. [2023-10-18]. （原始內容存檔於2023-05-04）. 
  2. ^ https://www.163.com/dy/article/IH3BH2BS054399GE.html
  3. ^ Reproduced in Blunt, Victor, The User of Air Power. Military Service Publishing Company; Harrisburg, 1943: pp.v-ix.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 徳永悦太郎「日本陸海軍空挺部隊かく戦えり」『丸』エキストラ版41集、潮書房、1975年、226頁以下
  5. ^ 存档副本. [2015-05-01]. （原始內容存檔於2013-04-15）. ，2004-04-16
  6. ^ 第肆章中共特種作戰部隊組建與發展 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）pdf高甯松 著作 - 2004
  7. ^ 高橋慶史『続ラスト・オブ・カンプフグルッペ』大日本絵画、2005年、8～9頁
  8. ^ 瓦勒爾鎮（Varel），中文譯名參考自酒店 Varel. World of hotels. [2013-11-02]. （原始內容存檔於2020-12-23）. 

來源

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  • Reproduced in Blunt, Victor, The User of Air Power. Military Service Publishing Company; Harrisburg, 1943: pp.v-ix.
  • 徳永悦太郎「日本陸海軍空挺部隊かく戦えり」『丸』エキストラ版41集、潮書房、1975年、226頁以下。
  • 高橋慶史『続ラスト・オブ・カンプフグルッペ』大日本絵画、2005年、8～9頁。
  • Hastings, Max, Armageddon – The Battle For Germany 1944–45, Macmillan, 2004
  • L, Klemen. Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942. 1999–2000 [2013-11-02]. （原始內容存檔於2011-07-26）. 
  • Ambrose, Stephen E., Pegasus Bridge. Pocket Books, 2003
  • Ambrose, Stephen E., Band of Brothers. Pocket Books, 2001
  • Arthur, Max, Forgotten Voices Of The Second World War. Edbury Press, 2005
  • Balkoski, Joseph, Utah Beach: The Amphibious Landing and Airborne Operations on D-Day, June 6, 1944. Stackpole Books US, 2006
  • Bando, Mark A., 101st Airborne: The Screaming Eagles at Normandy. Motorbooks International, 2001
  • Blair, Clay, Ridgway’s Paratroopers – The American Airborne In World War II. The Dial Press, 1985
  • Buckingham, William F., Arnhem 1944. Tempus Publishing Limited, 2004
  • Buckingham, William F., D-Day – The First 72 Hours. Tempus Publishing Limited, 2004
  • Calvocoressi, Peter, The Penguin History of the Second World War, Penguin Books Ltd, 1999
  • Department Of The Army, Pamphlet No. 20-232, Historical Study – Airborne Operations – A German Appraisal, 1951, Department Of The Army
  • Devlin, Gerard M., Paratrooper – The Saga Of Parachute And Glider Combat Troops During World War II, Robson Books, 1979
  • Dover, Victor, The Sky Generals, Cassell Ltd, 1981
  • Flanagan, E.M. Jr., Airborne – A Combat History Of American Airborne Forces, The Random House Publishing Group, 2002
  • Flint, Keith, Airborne Armour: Tetrarch, Locust, Hamilcar and the 6th Airborne Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment, 1938–50, Helion & Company, 2004
  • French, David, Raising Churchill’s Army – The British Army And The War Against Germany 1919–1945, Oxford University Press, 2000
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  • Harclerode, Peter, Wings Of War – Airborne Warfare 1918–1945, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005
  • Hastings, Max, Overlord, Pan Books, 1999
  • Hibbert, Christopher,『Arnhem, B.T. Batsford Ltd, 1998
  • Horrocks, Brian, A Full Life, Collins, 1960
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  • Jewell, Brian, 」Over The Rhine」 – The Last Days Of War In Europe, Spellmount Ltd, 1985
  • Keegan, John, The Second World War, Pimlico, 1997
  • Kershaw, Robert J., It Never Snows In September – The German View Of MARKET-GARDEN And The Battle Of Arnhem, September 1944, Ian Allan Publishing Ltd, 2004
  • Koskimaki, George E., D-Day With The Screaming Eagles, Presidio Press, 2002
  • Koskimaki, George E., Hell’s Highway – A Chronicle Of The 101st Airborne In The Holland Campaign, September–November 1944, Presidio Press, 2007
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  • Middlebrook, Martin, Arnhem 1944 – The Airborne Battle, Penguin Books, 1995
  • Ministry Of Information, By Air To Battle – The Official Account Of The British Airborne Divisions, Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, 1945
  • Nordyke, Phil, All American, All the Way: The Combat History Of The 82nd Airborne Division In World War II, Motorbooks International, 2005
  • Nordyke, Phil, Four Stars of Valour: The Combat History of the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment in World War II, Motorbooks, 2006
  • Norton, G.G., The Red Devils – The Story Of The British Airborne Forces, Pan Books Ltd, 1973
  • Otway, T.B.H, Airborne Forces, Adlib Books, 1990
  • Rawson, Andrew, The Rhine Crossing – 9th US Army & 17th US Airborne, Pen & Sword Military, 2006
  • Ryan, Cornelius, A Bridge Too Far, Coronet Books, 1984
  • Saunders, Hilary St. George, The Red Beret – The Story Of The Parachute Regiment 1940–1945, Michael Joseph Ltd, 1954
  • Saunders, Tim, Operation Plunder – The British & Canadian Rhine Crossing, Pen & Sword Military, 2006
  • Tanase, Mircea, The airborne troops during the World War II, Military Publishing House Romania, 2006
  • Tugwell, Maurice, Airborne To Battle – A History Of Airborne Warfare 1918–1971, William Kimber & Co Ltd, 1971
  • Urquhart, R.E., Arnhem, Pan Books, 1960
  • Weeks, John, Assault From The Sky – The History Of Airborne Warfare, David & Charles Publisher plc, 1988
  • Whiting, Charles, American Eagles – The 101st Airborne’s Assault On Fortress Europe 1944/45, Eskdale Publishing, 2001
  • Whiting, Charles, "Bounce The Rhine" – The Greatest Airborne Operation In History, Grafton Books, 1987
  • Whiting, Charles Slaughter Over Sicily, Leo Cooper, 1992

參見

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