草龟

草龟
保护状况
	; 濒危（IUCN 3.1）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	爬行纲 Reptilia
目：	龟鳖目 Testudines
亚目：	曲颈龟亚目 Cryptodira
科：	地龟科 Geoemydidae
属：	石龟属 Mauremys
种：	草龟 M. reevesii
二名法
	Mauremys reevesii; (Gray, 1831)
异名
	列表 * Emys reevesii ; Gray, 1831 ; * Clemmys (Clemmys) reevesii ; — Fitzinger, 1835 ; * Emys vulgaris picta ; Schlegel, 1844 ; * Emys japonica ; A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron in ; A.M.C. Duméril & A.H.A. Duméril, 1851 ; * Geoclemys reevesii ; — Gray, 1856 ; * Damonia reevesii ; — Gray, 1869 ; * Damonia unicolor ; Gray, 1873 ; * Clemmys unicolor ; — Sclater, 1873 ; * Damonia reevesii var. unicolor ; — Boulenger, 1889 ; * Geoclemys [reevesii] reevesii ; — Siebenrock, 1907 ; * Geoclemys reevesii unicolor ; — Siebenrock, 1907 ; * Geoclemmys [sic] reevesi ; — Vogt, 1924 (ex errore) ; * Geoclemys grangeri ; Schmidt, 1925 ; * Geoclemys paracaretta ; Chang, 1929 ; * Geoclemys reevesi grangeri ; — Mell, 1929 ; * Chinemys reevesi ; — H.M. Smith, 1931 ; * Geoclemys papacaretta [sic] ; Fang, 1934 (ex errore) ; * Emys reevesi ; — Bourret, 1941 ; * Chinemys reevesii ; Mertens & Wermuth, 1955 ; * Chinemys reevesi ; — Mao, 1971 ; * Chinemys grangeri ; — Pritchard, 1979 ; * Chinemys pani ; Tao, 1988 ; * Chinemys reevessi [sic] ; Obst, 1996 (ex errore) ; * Chinemys reveesii [sic] ; Fritz, 1996 (ex errore) ; * Mauremys reevesii ; — Spinks, Shaffer, Iverson & McCord, 2004;

草龟（学名：Mauremys reevesii），又名乌龟、中华草龟、金龟、珍珠龟、金线龟、墨龟、泥龟、水龟、山龟、臭青龟、长寿龟等，是石龟属下的一种龟。^[4]

草龟一般以植物、虾和小鱼为食物，幼年偏向肉食，成年偏向草食。

特征

头、颈侧面有黄色线状斑纹，有三条纵向的隆起，后缘不呈锯齿状；雄体背部为黑色或全身黑色，雌体为棕色，腹面略带一些黄色，均有暗褐色斑纹；四肢比较扁平，有爪子，趾间具有全蹼。成年的雌雄性个差异大，雄性尾粗，体型小。雌性一般长度为12-15厘米，雄性一般为8-10厘米。雌性壳较阔圆，而雄性壳较窄长，呈长方形。^[5]

分布

它们分布在中国大陆、台湾、日本、韩国以及印尼小巽他群岛。

混种

草龟与其他地龟科混种的能力特强。腊戍拟水龟就是雄性金龟及雌性黄喉拟水龟的混种，但起源不明。它们也会与花龟、雌性马来闭壳龟、雄性四眼斑水龟及饲养的日本石龟等都有混种。^[6]^[7]所以它们作为宠物时要尽可能与其他同科的成员分开。

现况

草龟被世界自然保护联盟列为濒危^[1]，它们受到过度捕猎所威胁（目前在台湾为二级保育类）。^[8]而对香港及中国大陆而言，草龟因有人工繁殖的市场，而令市面有大量的草龟提供给饲养者。

参考

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 van Dijk, P.P. Chinemys reevesii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011. [2016-01-11].
^ Rhodin, Anders G.J.; van Dijk, Peter Paul; Iverson, John B.; Shaffer, H. Bradley. Turtles of the world, 2010 update: Annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and conservation status (PDF). Chelonian Research Monographs. 2010-12-14, 5: 000.112. ISBN 978-0965354097. doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v3.2010. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于15 December 2010）.
^ Fritz, Uwe; Havaš, Peter. Checklist of Chelonians of the World (PDF). Vertebrate Zoology. 2007, 57 (2): 232–233 [29 May 2012]. ISSN 1864-5755. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于17 December 2010）.
^ Xingquan Xia, Ling Wang, Liuwang Nie, Zhengfeng Huang, Yuan Jiang, Wanxing Jing and Luo Liu. 2011. Interspecific hybridization between Mauremys reevesii and Mauremys sinensis: Evidence from morphology and DNA sequence data. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10(35), 6716-6724. http://www.academicjournals.org/ajb/PDF/pdf2011/13Jul/Xia%20et%20al.pdf
^ 香港兩棲及爬蟲協會 (PDF). [2016-03-06]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-03-05）.
^ Parham, James Ford; Simison, W. Brian; Kozak, Kenneth H.; Feldman, Chris R. & Shi, Haitao. New Chinese turtles: endangered or invalid? A reassessment of two species using mitochondrial DNA, allozyme electrophoresis and known-locality specimens (PDF). Animal Conservation. 2001, 4 (4): 357–367. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-07-24）.
^ Buskirk, James R.; Parham, James F. & Feldman, Chris R. On the hybridisation between two distantly related Asian turtles (Testudines: Sacalia × Mauremys) (PDF). Salamandra. 2005, 41: 21–26. ^{[失效链接]}
^ da Nóbrega Alves, Rômulo Romeu; da Silva Vieira; Washington Luiz & Gomes Santana, Gindomar. Reptiles used in traditional folk medicine: conservation implications. Biodiversity and Conservation. 2008, 17 (8): 2037–2049. doi:10.1007/s10531-007-9305-0.

外部链接

（德文）Weiter zur Infoseite über Chinesische Dreikielschildkröten

[IUCN-1] 1.0 ^1.1 van Dijk, P.P. Chinemys reevesii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011. [2016-01-11].

[Rhodin-2] Rhodin, Anders G.J.; van Dijk, Peter Paul; Iverson, John B.; Shaffer, H. Bradley. Turtles of the world, 2010 update: Annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and conservation status (PDF). Chelonian Research Monographs. 2010-12-14, 5: 000.112. ISBN 978-0965354097. doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v3.2010. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于15 December 2010）.

[Fritz_2007-3] Fritz, Uwe; Havaš, Peter. Checklist of Chelonians of the World (PDF). Vertebrate Zoology. 2007, 57 (2): 232–233 [29 May 2012]. ISSN 1864-5755. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于17 December 2010）.

[4] Xingquan Xia, Ling Wang, Liuwang Nie, Zhengfeng Huang, Yuan Jiang, Wanxing Jing and Luo Liu. 2011. Interspecific hybridization between Mauremys reevesii and Mauremys sinensis: Evidence from morphology and DNA sequence data. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10(35), 6716-6724. http://www.academicjournals.org/ajb/PDF/pdf2011/13Jul/Xia%20et%20al.pdf

[5] 香港兩棲及爬蟲協會 (PDF). [2016-03-06]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-03-05）.

[Parham2001-6] Parham, James Ford; Simison, W. Brian; Kozak, Kenneth H.; Feldman, Chris R. & Shi, Haitao. New Chinese turtles: endangered or invalid? A reassessment of two species using mitochondrial DNA, allozyme electrophoresis and known-locality specimens (PDF). Animal Conservation. 2001, 4 (4): 357–367. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-07-24）.

[Buskirk2005-7] Buskirk, James R.; Parham, James F. & Feldman, Chris R. On the hybridisation between two distantly related Asian turtles (Testudines: Sacalia × Mauremys) (PDF). Salamandra. 2005, 41: 21–26. ^{[失效链接]}

[Alves2008-8] Nóbrega Alves, Rômulo Romeu; da Silva Vieira; Washington Luiz & Gomes Santana, Gindomar. Reptiles used in traditional folk medicine: conservation implications. Biodiversity and Conservation. 2008, 17 (8): 2037–2049. doi:10.1007/s10531-007-9305-0.

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分类单元识别码
Mauremys reevesii	维基数据: Q495153 维基物种: Mauremys reevesii ARKive: mauremys-reevesii BOLD: 29445 台湾物种名录: 380610 EoL: 4520624 GBIF: 2443597 iNaturalist: 39913 IRMNG: 10729809 ITIS: 551906 IUCN: 170502 NAS: 1228 NBN: NHMSYS0021233655 NCBI: 260615 RD: reevesii Species+: 8423 WoRMS: 1451623
Emys reevesii	维基数据: Q106448770 GBIF: 5220699 IRMNG: 10351560 ITIS: 949415 WoRMS: 1451624