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细菌微区室

维基百科，自由的百科全书
细菌微区室的结构示意图
化学自营细菌Halothiobacillus neapolitanus的羧酶体（电子显微镜图像），比例尺为100奈米[1]

细菌微区室（英语：Bacterial microcompartment，BMC）是细菌中一种类胞器的结构，为多种蛋白质组成的复合体[2][3][4][5][6]，由外层的结构蛋白包裹内部的酵素，外型呈正二十面体或近似正二十面体，直径一般介于40至200奈米之间。微区室外层的结构蛋白有类似膜的功能，将内外物质分隔，并可选择性地让部分物质进出[4][7][8]。

羧酶体为最早被发现的细菌微区室，可促进固碳作用的微区室，内含RuBisCO和碳酸酐酶两种酵素，此微区室是1950年代研究人员使用电子显微镜观察蓝菌时发现[9]，并于1973年被命名[10]。1990年代以前仅知自营细菌具有微区室，随后渐在多种异营细菌中发现参与其他代谢作用的微区室，通称为代谢体（metabolosome）[11][12]。不同种类的细菌微区室中的酵素不同，但外壳结构蛋白相似，一般构成蛋白六聚体（或拟六聚体）后再组成二十面体的外壳。

细菌微区室的功能示意图：（A）自营细菌的羧酶体；（B）异营细菌的代谢体[13]

参见

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参考文献

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