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奥氏栉龙属

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奥氏栉龙属
化石时期:白垩纪晚期,70–66 Ma
正模标本的头骨
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目: 鸟臀目 Ornithischia
亚目: 鸟脚亚目 Ornithopoda
科: 鸭嘴龙科 Hadrosauridae
亚科: 栉龙亚科 Saurolophinae
属: 奥氏栉龙属 Augustynolophus
Prieto-Márquez et al., 2014
模式种
莫氏奥氏栉龙
Augustynolophus morrisi

Prieto-Márquez et al., 2014
异名
  • 莫氏栉龙 Saurolophus morrisi
    (Prieto-Márquez, 2013)

奥氏栉龙属属名Augustynolophus)是一栉龙亚科鸭嘴龙科恐龙,发现于加州莫雷诺组英语Moreno Formation(Moreno Formation),[1]年代为马斯特里赫特阶,使它成为白垩纪-古近纪灭绝事件前最后存在的恐龙。[2]

发现历史

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胸部和肢体材料

属名纪念赞助洛杉矶博物馆的奥古斯汀(Augustyn)家族,加上字尾-lophus意指它和栉龙的关系,种名纪念古生物学家威廉·莫里斯(William Morris)[3],最初被叙述成栉龙的一个种:莫氏栉龙(Saurolophus morrisi[4][5],然而在经过更深入的研究后,发现它在颅骨结构上与栉龙族的其他物种:奥氏栉龙[6][7][8]、窄吻栉龙[9][10]巨原栉龙有很大差异,足以自成一属。[11]

所有已知的奥氏栉龙标本发现都局限于加州,该州属于拉腊米迪亚古陆的一部分,是世界著名的恐龙化石点之一。[12]目前有两个已知的奥氏栉龙标本:正模标本LACM / CIT 2852出土于1943年,由大部分头骨(包含齿骨和前齿骨)、脊椎、四肢和手部组成;第二具标本LACM / CIT 2760发现于1939年,由头骨和四肢组成。根据较小的体型,推测可能是青少年个体。[5][13]这是来自美国西海岸的三种已知的恐龙之一,另外两种分别是坎潘阶的漂泊甲龙[14]、和来自华盛顿州的未叙述暴龙科[15]。但在加州和邻近地区也发现了未定的鸭嘴龙类遗骸。[16][17]

2017年9月,奥氏栉龙被指定为加州的州恐龙。[18]

叙述

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生命复原与体型比例

如同所有鸭嘴龙类,奥氏栉龙是植食性恐龙,并有特化于咀嚼食物的齿系。[19]

古生态学

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脸部和下颌材料

拉腊米迪亚海岸省份的恐龙所知甚少[20],如同西部内陆海道对面阿帕拉契亚古陆英语Appalachia (landmass)的情况。美西拥有丰富的化石发现和历史,最著名的例子有地狱溪组(Hell Creek Formation)及双麦迪逊组英语Two Medicine Formation(Two Medicine Formation)。[21]然而美西海岸和阿帕拉契亚一样,陆生动物(主要是恐龙)并未被妥善的研究也不知名。

尽管加州恐龙罕见的事实,但莫雷诺组是加州研究最深入的中生代地层之一,并以大量海相化石闻名[22][23][24][25]。与奥氏栉龙生活于同一地区的生物包括了龟、沧龙、蛇颈龙及辐鳍鱼类[26]。其中生活于莫雷诺组的龟包括王龟属英语Basilemys甲尾龟属英语Osteopygis[27]沧龙类包括倾齿龙属大洋龙属近瘤龙属浮龙属[28]蛇颈龙包括费雷斯诺龙属莫雷诺龙属英语Morenosaurus海泡龙属水怪龙属[29][30][31];辐鳍鱼类则包括邦鱼属蜥齿鱼属英语Saurodon[32]

参考资料

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  1. ^ Sues, H.D.; Bell, P.R.; Evans, D.C. Revision of the status of Saurolophus (Hadrosauridae) from California, USA.. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2010, 47 (11): 1417–1426. doi:10.1139/e10-062. 
  2. ^ Lehman, T.M. Late Maastrichtian paleoenvironments and dinosaur biogeography in the western interior of North America. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 1987, 60: 189–217. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(87)90032-0. 
  3. ^ Prieto-Márquez, Albert; Wagner, Jonathan R.; Bell, Phil R.; Chiappe, Luis M. The late-surviving 'duck-billed' dinosaur Augustynolophus from the upper Maastrichtian of western North America and crest evolution in Saurolophini. Geological Magazine. 2014, 152 (2): 225–241. Bibcode:2015GeoM..152..225P. doi:10.1017/S0016756814000284. 
  4. ^ Morris, W.J. California dinosaurs. Bottjer, DJ; Colburn, IP; Cooper, JD (编). Late Cretaceous Depositional Environments and Paleogeography, Santa Ana Mountains, Southern California. Los Angeles: Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. 1982. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Prieto-Márquez, A.; Wagner, J.R. A new species of saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of the Pacific coast of North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2013, 58 (2): 255–268. doi:10.4202/app.2011.0049. 
  6. ^ Brown, B. A crested dinosaur from the Edmonton Cretaceous. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History: 131–136. 1912. 
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