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用户:R96340/飓风阿德里安 (2005年)

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Hurricane Adrian
一级飓风（美国）
5月19日时接近巅峰的飓风阿德里安
形成2005年5月17日
消散2005年5月21日
最高风速1分钟持续： 80英里/小时（130公里/小时）
最低气压982毫巴（百帕）；29英寸汞柱
死亡12人伤，1人重伤，5人死亡
影响地区危地马拉、萨尔瓦多、尼加拉瓜和洪都拉斯
2005年太平洋飓风季的一部分

飓风阿德里安（英语：Hurricane Adrian）是一个形成于2005年太平洋飓风季早期的飓风，它的东北向路径使其比1949年起的记录中任何飓风都更加靠近萨尔瓦多。

阿德里安是2005年太平洋台风季的第一个飓风，其在5月17日于墨西哥南南东方数百哩外生成，自官方的风季起始时间仅过两日。

风暴在反常地向西北方向移动的同时缓步增强。阿德里安于5月19日达到其巅峰强度，当时风暴的最大风速为每小时80哩，即每小时130公里。阿德里安在巅峰过后不久便急遽减弱，到了5月20日早上已变成一个弱热带风暴，并转为向正东行进。阿德里安当日稍后于洪都拉斯丰塞卡湾登陆，数小时后消散。

气象历史

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根据萨菲尔-辛普森飓风风力等级的强度绘制的风暴路径图
图例
萨菲尔-辛普森飓风风力等级
  热带低气压（≤62 km/h）
  热带风暴（63–118 km/h）
  一级（119–153 km/h）
  二级（154–177 km/h）
  三级（178–208 km/h）
  四级（209–251 km/h）
  五级（≥252 km/h）
  未知

2005年5月初，一道东风波自佛得角附近出海，离开非洲西岸。数个扰动天气区域接下来于5月10至14日间横越中美洲，促进墨西哥830余公里外一个广阔低压区的发展；5月15日另一道东风波与低压区产生相互作用，使低压区的结构得以巩固，接下来的几天里系统在原地近似停滞，对流持续增强。[1]

太平洋夏令时5月17日上午11时前后，美国国家飓风中心认为此系统已成为2005年太平洋飓风季的第一个热带性低气压，给予编号01E。不像东太平洋上的大部分风暴，01E受墨西哥上空一道低压槽的牵引而向东北行进，同时由于系统前方的环境适合热带气旋发展，模式预报亦认为其能够持续增强。[2]而01E升为热带性低气压不到六小时后，便被认为达到热带风暴强度，并予命名为阿德里安。[1][3]

阿德里安在接下来的数天中通过中等垂直风切区域并缓慢增强[1]，5月18日时其中心区域及螺旋雨带（英语：Rainbelt）已受深对流固着，尽管风切和云系与中美洲高地的互动影响着系统的发展，温暖的海面仍提供其后续增强空间，某些预测甚至认为阿德里安能够在通过中美洲时存活并进入加勒比海海域[4]而可能成为已知第三个从东太平洋跨入北大西洋海域的热带气旋。[5]

到了5月19日，风暴结构变得相对松散，仅有小块对流区域存在于其中心附近。[6]但不消数小时阿德里安便快速巩固结构且能从卫星云图上看见风眼成形的迹象[7]，随后阿德里安增强为一个飓风并于当日太平洋夏令时上午10时前后达到巅峰。当时风暴距离陆地约140公里，最大平均风速达到每小时130公里，最低气压为982百帕。[1]

阿德里安在成为飓风不久后被萨尔瓦多的离岸风切所影响而突然减弱，并在5月20日太平洋夏令时下午5时前后以每小时35公里的最高风速登陆洪都拉斯丰塞卡湾，数小时后消散于中美洲的山区。[1]

Preparations

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Tropical Depression Adrian several hours before landfall in Honduras on May 20

In response to the approaching hurricane, officials in El Salvador initiated the evacuations of about 3,500 families throughout 13 municipalities.[8] Public facilities, as precautionary measures, were closed. The local governments and citizens were mindful of the damages caused to the region by other hurricanes, namely the 9,000 deaths caused by Hurricane Mitch in 1998.[9] According to President Antonio Saca, roughly 23,000 people evacuated by the storm's arrival.[10] In fears of significant damage, a state of emergency was declared for the entire country, home to roughly 6.5 million people.[11]

In nearby Honduras, officials closed schools and public workers were given a half day as a precautionary measure. Small-scale evacuations also took place in parts of Guatemala and Nicaragua.[10] Guatemala also declared a state of maximum alert as heavy rains from Adrian were expected to trigger flooding.[11] Shelters were set up across the country to house roughly 400,000 people at-risk from the storm.[12]

Impact

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Adrian had minor effects in Honduras, only a few poorly constructed building were destroyed and minor floods were reported and there were no known fatalities associated with the storm.[13]

In El Salvador, rains from Adrian led to numerous landslides and flash floods, mainly along coastal areas. Fallen trees were reported throughout the country.[8] The floods prompted officials to shut down roads to keep people out of harms way.[14] Heavy rains up to 16.4 inches (418.6 mm) caused several landslides that damaged roads.[15] Two deaths took place, one due to a plane crash caused by strong winds, the other caused by flooding.[16] In all, damages in El Salvador totaled to $12 million (2005 USD; $1872万 2023 USD).[17]

In Guatemala, two people were killed after rains ahead of Adrian caused a ditch to cave in on them.[18] One person was killed due to flooding in Nicaragua.[1]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Richard D. Knabb. Hurricane Adrian Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF). National Hurricane Center. 2005-11-24 [2010-06-22]. 
  2. ^ Richard D. Knabb and Stacey Stewart. Tropical Depression One-E Discussion One. National Hurricane Center. 2005-05-17 [2010-06-22]. 
  3. ^ Tropical cyclone records in the Eastern Pacific are available as far back as 1949.
  4. ^ Lixion A. Avila. Tropical Storm Adrian Discussion Three. National Hurricane Center. 2005-05-18 [2010-06-22]. 
  5. ^ Hurricane Research Division. Easy-To-Read HURDAT: 1851-2009. National Hurricane Center. 2010 [2010-06-22]. 
  6. ^ James L. Franklin. Tropical Storm Adrian Discussion Seven. National Hurricane Center. 2005-05-19 [2010-06-22]. （英文）
  7. ^ Richard D. Knabb and Lixion A. Avila. Tropical Storm Adrian Discussion Eight. National Hurricane Center. 2005-05-19 [2010-06-22]. （英文）
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Informe De Perdidas y Daños Ocurridos Por Huracan Adrian (PDF). National Service of Territorial Studies. 2005-06-08 [2008-11-08] （西班牙语）. 
  9. ^ Hurricane Adrian hits El Salvador. BBC. 2005-05-20 [2008-11-08]. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Diego Mendez. Hurricane Adrian fizzles in Central American coast. Associated Press. 2005-05-20 [2010-06-22]. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Diego Mendez. Hurricane Adrian Threatens El Salvador. Associated Press. 2005-05-20 [2010-06-22]. 
  12. ^ Joel Roberts. Central America In Eye Of Storm. Associated Press. CBS News. 2005-05-18 [2010-06-22]. 
  13. ^ Associated Press. Hurricane Adrian whacks El Salvador, then fizzles. USA Today. 2005-05-20 [2008-11-29]. 
  14. ^ El Diario de Hoy. Cierran calles peligrosas. Nationales. 2005-05-19 [2008-11-28] （西班牙语）. 
  15. ^ Report of Landslides generated by Hurricane Adrian, El Salvador (PDF). National Service of Territorial Studies. 2005 [2005-11-28] （西班牙语）. 
  16. ^ El Salvador, Honduras escape hurricane's wrath. CBC News. 2005-05-21 [2005-11-29]. 
  17. ^ El Diario de Hoy. Estiman $12 millones en pérdidas por Adrián. Nationales. 2005-05-21 [2008-11-29] （西班牙语）. 
  18. ^ Diego Mendez. El Salvador awaits Hurricane Adrian's arrival. Independent Online. 2005-05-20 [2008-11-29]. 
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*Hurricane Adrian strikes Central America Thursday night

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