用户:Jaymyang/斯里兰卡铁路使用车辆
斯里兰卡铁路主要使用内燃机车和柴联车。蒸汽机车已无常规运转,仅用于特别列车。
第一批机车使用于科伦坡和安贝普萨的54千米(34英里)的主线上。[1] 1953 年,斯里兰卡铁路开始使用内燃机车以提升服务。[2]之后添购了多种内燃机车。
历史
[编辑]1864 年,斯里兰卡的第一辆铁路机车是利奥波德号。这是当年罗伯特斯蒂芬森公司(制造第1-5 号车)和拜尔与皮卡客公司(制造第6 号和 7 号车)为锡兰政府铁路建造的七辆4-4-0机车之一。 [3]后续又增购蒸汽机车,直到1950 年代为止。所有的蒸汽机车都是英国制,只有三辆4-4-0机车是 1900 年和 1905 年在科伦坡附近的马拉达纳机厂制造 。 1938 年,机车根据轴配置和轨距重新分级,并依照重量、修改、锅炉类型、锅炉容量或其他特征进一部分类。[4]
锡兰政府铁路历史上共拥有 410 辆蒸汽机车。 [5]
1950 年代中期开始斯里兰卡铁路的动力开始柴油化。 [2] 1953年从英国进口第一批内燃机车(Brush Bagnall制)。后来又从加拿大、日本、西德、印度、法国和中国进口车辆。[6] [7] [8]
1990 年代,斯里兰卡铁路将最后一条窄轨路线,762毫米轨距的克拉尼谷线,拓宽轨距成1676毫米;窄轨距机车全部停用。目前斯里兰卡铁路使用中的机车都是宽轨距的。
至 2011 年 8 月,斯里兰卡铁路仍未电气化,但已经提出了铁路电气化的计划。 [9]
涂装
[编辑]斯里兰卡的蒸汽机车主要是黑色涂装。内燃机车引入后出现了彩色涂装。典型涂装是深蓝色、浅蓝色、银色和黄色等宽条纹,也常见绿色、棕色和黄色条纹的涂装。 M6城际快车机车采用棕色和橙色涂装。
各等级柴联车各有其涂装,但一般在端面采单一颜色涂装,侧面有水平条纹。
编号
[编辑]蒸汽机车的编号从1号开始,1911 年达到 161号。之后用于替换旧机车的新机车,采取其所替换的机车编号,但前面加上字母R以资区别,旧机车则于编号前加上字母O,使用到退役为止。 [10]这个编号系统在1928年停用, [10]新机车的编号从 249 号开始编号, [11]到 1940 年达到 336号台,1951 年交车的最后一台蒸汽机车——WG Bagnall的4-8-0编为 362号。 [12]
窄轨机车的编号与宽轨机车相同。柴油机车和柴联车编号从 500 起算--这是1934年交车的阿姆斯壮惠特沃斯制122匹马力 0-4-0 柴电调车机车。[12] 在 1991 年已经到了 840号。 [13]包括一辆转换为电力牵引的试验机车。 [4] [14]
蒸汽机车
[编辑]蒸汽机车服役到 1970 年代才退出常规运转。 [2] [4]
相片 | Class | 车号 | 轴式 | 辆数 | 制造厂商 | 年分 | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
— | 1–15, 24–25, 28–29, 39–40, 43–47 |
4-4-0 | 26 | Robert Stephenson & Company (5) Beyer, Peacock & Company (7) Kitson & Company (14) |
1864–1880 | 动轮直径五英尺 | |
— | 20–23, 26–27 | 4-4-0 | 6 | Beyer, Peacock & Company (4) Kitson & Company (2) |
1868–1872 | 动轮直径六英尺;汽缸尺寸为 16×22英寸 | |
— | 63–71, 89–92 | 4-4-0 | 13 | Dübs & Company | 1892–1895 | 动轮直径六英尺;汽缸尺寸为 17×24英寸 | |
— | 16–19, 41–42 | 0-6-0 | 6 | John Fowler & Co | 1868–1878 | ||
— | 30–31 | 0-4-0ST | 2 | Robert Stephenson & Company | 1868 | Ex Breakwater branch; absorbed in 1874; a third loco was not taken into stock | |
— | 32–38, 48 | 4-4-0T | 8 | Robert Stephenson & Company (3) Kitson & Company (5) |
1876–1880 | ||
— | 30–31, 1 (second) |
4-4-0 | 3 | CGR Maradana Works | 1900–1905 | 动轮直径五英尺;汽缸尺寸为 16×24英寸 | |
— | 163 | 0-6-0CT | 1 | RW Hawthorn, Leslie & Company | 1913 | Crane tank | |
A1 | 18–19, 41–42 | 4-8-0 | 4 | Kitson & Company | 1913–1921 | ||
A2 | 155–156 | 4-8-0 | 2 | Kitson & Company | 1911 | renumbered 16–17 | |
A3 | 275–278, 296–297, 334–336, 357–362 |
4-8-0 | 15 | Hunslet Engine Company (6) WG Bagnall (9) |
1928–1951 | ||
B1 | 4, 30, 242–262, 279–290 294–295 347–342 351–356 |
4-6-0 | 49 | Beyer, Peacock & Company (25) Armstrong Whitworth (12) Robert Stephenson & Company (12) |
1927–47 | “Governor” class – many named; no. 30 Sir Thomas Maitland, runs the Viceroy Special service.[15] | |
B2 | 1, 3, 25–29, 39–40, 43–47 193–196, 204–213, 222–228 |
4-6-0 | 35 | Kitson & Company (3) Robert Stephenson & Company (11) Vulcan Foundry (21) |
1925–1925 | 213号车为动态保存车 | |
B3 | 8–11, 22, 169–171, 185–192 |
4-6-0 | 16 | Kitson & Company | 1913–1914 | ||
B4 | 72–75, 147–147, 158–159 |
4-6-0 | 9 | Neilson & Company (4) Kitson & Company (5) |
1893–1912 | ||
B5 | 76–80 | 4-6-0 | 5 | Neilson & Company (3) Vulcan Foundry (2) |
1894 | ||
B6 | 49–62 | 4-6-0 | 14 | Kitson & Company (10) Vulcan Foundry (4) |
1882–1890 | ||
B7 | 81–88 | 4-6-0 | 8 | RW Hawthorn, Leslie & Company | 1894 | ||
B8 | 214–219, 239–240 |
4-6-0 | 18 | Hunslet Engine Company (13) RW Hawthorn, Leslie & Company (2) Nasmyth, Wilson & Company (3) |
1922–27 | ||
B9 | 140–141 | 4-6-0 | 2 | Hunslet Engine Company | 1908 | renumbered 134–135 | |
B10 | 109–119 | 4-6-0 | 11 | Dübs & Company | 1901 | ||
C1 | 241, 343–350 |
2-6-2+2-6-2 | 9 | Beyer, Peacock & Company | 1927, 1945 | 1945 locos later converted to oil firing | |
D1 | 270–274 | 2-6-4T | 5 | Robert Stephenson & Company | 1928 | “College” class, most named; | |
D2 | |||||||
D3 | 12–15, 20–21, 131–139, 150–151, 164–168 |
2-6-4T | 22 | Robert Stephenson & Company (20) RW Hawthorn, Leslie & Company (2) |
1907–1914 | 131–139 renumbered 32–37, 131–133; 150–151 renumbered 38, 40; 12 rebuilt as class D1 and numbered 298 in 1930; D3 class saturated, reclassified D2 when superheated | |
E1 | 23–24, 93–94, 101 162, 179–183, 197–200 |
0-6-0T | 15 | Dübs & Company (3) North British Locomotive Company (5) Hunslet Engine Company (7) |
1898–1915 | Most rebuilt as 0-6-2T; No. 93 built in 1898 is the oldest surviving steam locomotive in the country - now at National railway museum, Kadugannawa | |
E1 | 265–269 | 0-6-2T | 5 | Robert Stephenson & Company | 1928 | ||
F2 | 2, 5–7, 144–157, 172–173 |
4-4-0 | 20 | Vulcan Foundry (5) North British Locomotive Company (15) |
1911–1913 | 144–151 delivered as 152–154, 157–161; F2 saturated, reclassified F2 when superheated. All scrapped | |
F3 | 95–100, 124–129 |
4-4-0 | 12 | Dübs & Company (6) Kitson & Company (2) North British Locomotive Company (4) |
1900–1903 | ||
H1 | 293 | 2-4-0+0-4-2 | 1 | Beyer, Peacock & Company | 1930 | Narrow gauge Garratt | |
J1 | 220–221, 263–264, 291–292 |
4-6-4T | 6 | Hunslet Engine Company | 1924–1929 | 窄轨机车 | |
J2 | 142–146, 160–161, 174–178, 184, 201–202 |
4-6-4T | 15 | Hunslet Engine Company (11) North British Locomotive Company (4) |
1908–1919 | 窄轨机车;142–146号车重新编号为 136–140号 | |
K1 | 102–108 | 4-4-0T | 7 | Hunslet Engine Company | 1900–1901 | 窄轨机车 | |
L1 | 120–123, 130, 203 |
0-4-2T | 6 | Sharp, Stewart & Company (4) Hunslet Engine Company (2) |
1902–1904, 1920 |
窄轨机车 | |
R1 | 301–313 | Steam railcar | 13 | Sentinel | 1925–1927 | Some were later fitted with small under-floor diesel units and were reclassified T2 | |
R2 | 317–320 | Steam railcar | 4 | Sentinel | 1928 | Some were later fitted with small under-floor diesel units and were reclassified T2 | |
R3 | 321–327 | Steam railcar | 7 | Sentinel | 1928 | Some were later fitted with small under-floor diesel units and were reclassified T2 | |
R4 | 314–316 | Steam railcar | 3 | Clayton | 1928 | Some were later fitted with small under-floor diesel units and were reclassified T2 | |
V1 | 328–330 | Steam railcar | 3 | Sentinel | 1927 | 窄轨机车 | |
V2 | 331–333 | Steam railcar | 3 | Sentinel | 1928 | 窄轨机车 |
柴油机车
[编辑]级别 | 类型 |
---|---|
M | 柴电机车 |
W | 柴液机车 |
G与Y | 调车机车 |
N与P | 窄轨机车 |
S | 柴联车 |
T | 柴油动力客车 |
斯里兰卡铁路的内燃机车分类及其子类。
Photo | Class | Numbers | Type | Quantity | Manufacturer | Year | Model | Power | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | 539–563 | A1A-A1A de | 25 | Brush Bagnall Traction | 1952 | — | 1000 hp | 已退出现役 | |
M2 | 569–573 591–595 626–629 |
A1A-A1A de (12) Bo-Bo (2) |
14 | 通用汽车柴油机 (12) 易安迪 (2) |
1954–1966 | G12 | 1400 hp | Except one (571 Saskatchewan) all others are still in active service | |
M3 | 589–590 | Bo-Bo de | 2 | Sri Lankan Railways | 1956–1958 | 360 hp | Engines (180 hp × 2) taken from S1 class | ||
M4 | 743–756 | Co-Co de | 14 | Montreal Locomotive Works | 1975 | MX-620 | 1750 hp | ||
M5 | 767–782 | Bo-Bo de | 16 | 日立制作所 | 1979 | 1150 hp | M5A: Re-engined locally using MTU V12 in 1991; M5B: Re-engined locally using Paxman V12 in 1997; M5C: Re-engined locally using Caterpillar 3516 DITA. | ||
M6 | 783–798 | A1A-A1A de | 16 | Thyssen-Henschel | 1979–1980 | G22 | 1650 hp | ||
M7 | 799–814 | Bo-Bo de | 16 | Brush Traction | 1981 | 1000 hp | |||
M8 | M8 (841-848), M8A (877,878) | Co-Co de | M8 (8), M8A (2) | Banaras Locomotive Works | M8 (1995), M8A (2001) | WDM-2 | M8 (2600 hp), M8A (1950 hp) | Sub Class M8A: Only 2 locomotives were introduced | |
M9 | 864–873 | Co-Co de | 10 | 阿尔斯通 | 2000 | AD32C | 1800 hp | Several units out of service shortly after introduction due to cost of spares and repair. | |
M10 | M10 (914-916), M10A (940-945) | Co-Co de | M10 (3), M10A (6) | Banaras Locomotive Works | 2012 | WDM3D
(With Alco 251 series 12 diesel engine) |
2300 hp | Sub class M10A was introduced in 2013 which is a technical variant. | |
M11 | M11 (949-958), | Co-Co | M11 (10) | Banaras Locomotive Works | 2018 | WDG4D
(With EMD 12-710 diesel engine) |
3000 hp | 2 out of 10 are currently in use |
W级 — 柴液机车
[编辑]Photo | Class | Numbers | Type | Quantity | Manufacturer | Year | Model | Power | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | 630–674 | B-B dh | 45 | 亨舍尔 | 1968–1969 | 1150 hp | 10辆改装卡特彼勒引擎,改为W3型。只有两部车可为可动状态。 | ||
W2 | 703–716, 729 |
B-B dh | 15 | LEW | 1968–Present | 1500 hp | 729 ex demonstrator, ran as DR V150.001; imported 1970. Several re-furbished and in operation. | ||
W3 | 631…674 | B-B dh | 10 | Sri Lankan
Railways |
1997–Present | 1150 hp | 10辆W1型改装卡特彼勒引擎而来,主要用于内陆线。 |
Photo | Class | Numbers | Type | Quantity | Manufacturer | Year | Model | Power | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G1 | 500 | 0–4–0 de | 1 | Armstrong Whitworth | 1934 - 2006 | 122 hp | 使用苏尔寿引擎;已停用 | ||
G2 | 531–538 | Bo-Bo de | 8 | North British Locomotive Company | 1950- 2000 | 625 hp | Paxman V8 引擎;停用。 | ||
Y | 675–702 | 0-6-0 dh | 28 | Hunslet Engine Company | 1968- 1973 | 530 hp | 现役 | ||
Y1 | 721–728 | D dh | 8 | Sri Lanka Railways | 1972–1973 | Paxman V12 引擎;停用。 |
Photo | Class | Numbers | Type | Quantity | Manufacturer | Year | Model | Power | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N1 | 564–568 | 1C1 dh | 5 | 克虏伯 | 1952–53 | 500 hp | 停用 | ||
N2 | 730–732 | B-B dh | 3 | 川崎重工 | 1973 | 600 hp | GM Detroit Diesel V16 engine. Ordered by Sri Lanka Veneers & Plywood. Not in use. | ||
P1 | 527–530 | 0-6-0 dm | 4 | Hunslet Engine Company | 1950 | 120 hp | 停用 |
注:一台N2级机车在安装阿尔斯通集电弓后重新编为E1型,以电力运行。不要与蒸汽机车 E1 混淆,这种电力机车未用于商业用途。一辆 P1 级机车在 Viharamahadevi(维多利亚)游乐园[14]
S1–S8 柴液传动柴联车、S9–S14、S14A 柴油电动柴联车和电动柴油柴联车
Photo | Class | Numbers | Type | Quantity | Manufacturer | Year | Model | Power | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 501–503 | 4-car | 3 | English Electric | 1938 | 400 hp | Named Silver Foam, Silver Spray, and Silver Mist. Not in operation, and power cars scrapped. | ||
S2 | 574–588 | 15 | Schindler Carriage and Wagon | 1958 | 500 hp | Not in operation and the power cars were scrapped. | |||
S3 | 596–620 | 25 | MAN | 1959 | 880 hp | 停用 | |||
S4 | 621–624 | 5 | MAN | 1961 | 1000 hp | 退役 | |||
S5 | 717–720 | 5-car | 2个编组 | 日立制作所 | 1970 | 880 hp | Hitachi Tourist excursion train. Now one is in Airport Express service, operated by Airport & Aviation Services (Sri Lanka) Limited. | ||
S6 | 733–742 | 10 | 日立制作所 | 1974 | 1150 hp | Very similar in appearance to S7. Operated mainly on the broad gauged Kelani Valley line. Currently used as presidential train. | |||
S7 | 757–766 | 10 | 日立制作所 | 1977 | 1000 hp | Very similar in appearance to S6. Operated mainly on the broad gauged Kelani Valley line. Not in regular operations. | |||
S8 | 821–840 | 20 | Hyundai | 1991 | 1150 hp | 现役 | |||
S9 | 849–863 | 20 | 中国南车 | 2000 | 1150 hp | 现役 | |||
S10 | 879-893 | 15 | 中国南车 | 2008 | 现役 | ||||
S11 | 894–913 | 20 | Rail India Technical and Economic Service | 2011–2012 | 1360 hp | [18] Designed with multi class accommodation. | |||
S12 | 917–939 | 22 | 中国南车 | 2012 | 2000 hp | Imported in two variants, one for run on commuter services and other run on long distance services. | |||
S13 | 959–970 | 6 (double sets) | ICF | 2018-2019 | 1800 hp | ||||
S14 | 971–988 | 9 sets (2 power cars per set) | 中车青岛四方机车车辆 | 2019-2020 | 1950 hp | ||||
S14A | 989–992 | 4(power cars) | 中车青岛四方机车车辆 | 2019-2020 | 1950 hp |
下表并未列出目前使用中的各种铁路巴士客车。
相片 | 型式 | 编号 | 类型 | 数量 | 制造厂 | 年分 | Model | 出力 | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 504–526 | 23 | English Electric | 1947 | 200 hp | 两辆编组。已停用。 | |||
T2 | (1950) | 由蒸气动力客车改造而来,已停用。 | |||||||
Locally built rail buses | RB1 to .. | 铁道巴士 | SLR Rathmalana Works | (1995) | Based on Tata & Ashok Leyland Buses | A total of 14 Rail Buses were built
between 1995 and 2002 with numbers RB1 to RB14. |
其他机车
[编辑]除了斯里兰卡铁路拥有的机车和调车机车之外,斯里兰卡还有其他一些内燃机车(通常是调车机车)。有些是斯里兰卡港务局和Holcim Sri Lanka limited 拥有的机车。
Photo | 拥有者 | 机车 | 数量 | 型式 | Manufacturer | Year | Model | Power | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sri Lanka Ports Authority | 19 (3 in operation) | Andrew Barclay | |||||||
Holcim Sri Lanka Limited | Deutz shunters (03), Hunslet shunter (01), Banaras Locomotive Works locomotives (02), Refurbished Beaver shunters (04), SAN locomotive (01) | All are diesel hydraulic type except DLW locomotive which is diesel electric. | Some are not in use. However this limited cater locomotives from SLR for some services. |
订购的车辆
[编辑]▪ 另外2台WDG4D机车即将到货
▪ 2018 年 2 月,当地报纸和新闻网站报道称,美国通用电气公司取得了 10 台用于内陆线的内燃机车标案。
• 2018 年 9 月,斯里兰卡铁路在印度提供的 3.18 亿美元信贷中,从印度订购了 160 辆客车、20 辆货柜运输车和 30 辆油罐车。
- 斯里兰卡铁路
- Locomotives in India
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Ceylon Railway Enthusiasts Circle (CREC)/SLRF. Sri Lanka Railway 145th Anniversary Trip. 2010-01-02 [2011-08-08]. (原始内容存档于2011-10-04).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 The Island. Rampala regime in the local Railway History. 2010-07-19.
- ^ Hughes 1990,第93页.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 http://www.infolanka.com/org/mrail/locos1.html Steam Locomotives
- ^ Sri Lanka (Ceylon) Railways Steam Locomotive and Steam Railcar Fleet. National Railway Museum - Sri Lanka. [7 January 2013]. (原始内容存档于13 September 2012).
- ^ Diesel Locomotives of Sri Lanka : Locomotive classification. www.srilankanlocos.com. [9 July 2011]. (原始内容存档于28 December 2012).
- ^ Mainline Diesel-Electrics.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 http://www.infolanka.com/org/mrail/locos3.html Suburban Diesel Push-Pull types
- ^ Daily News. IESL proposes railway electrification project. 2010-12-25. (原始内容存档于2012-03-08).
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Hughes 1990,第97页.
- ^ Hughes 1990,第94页.
- ^ 12.0 12.1 Hughes 1996,第92页.
- ^ Hughes 1996,第95页.
- ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 http://www.infolanka.com/org/mrail/locos4.html Mainline Diesel Hydraulic & Narrow Gauge
- ^ Viceroy Vintage Train Tours 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期2011-08-28.
- ^ http://www.infolanka.com/org/mrail/locos2.html Mainline Diesel-Electrics
- ^ http://www.infolanka.com/org/mrail/locos5.html Diesel Railcars & Shunters
- ^ ColomboPage. India hands over new power sets for Sri Lanka's Southern Railway Line. 2011-03-11 [2011-10-16]. (原始内容存档于2012-03-08).