意大利电影

意大利电影（意大利语：cinema italiano）是指在意大利制作或由意大利人制作的电影。意大利在法国卢米埃兄弟开始拍摄电影几个月之后就开始发展电影，孕育出许多著名电影导演。而意大利电影的发展对于其他国家的电影也有深远的影响，例如新写实主义。

意大利电影界的历史始于卢米埃尔兄弟开始展出影片几个月后^[1]^[2]。第一位意大利导演被认为是于1896年拍摄良十三世的卢米埃尔兄弟的合作者维多利奥·卡尔奇纳（英语：Vittorio Calcina）。最初的意大利电影于1896年摄于意大利半岛的主要城市^[1]^[2]。这些简短的实验性影片立即引起了大众的兴趣，从而鼓励制作方拍摄新的电影——这最终为真正的电影业的诞生奠定了基础^[1]^[2]。在20世纪早期直到一战结束，无声电影不断发展，将众多意大利电影明星推上荧幕^[3]。20世纪早期改编自书籍和舞台剧的艺术电影和史诗片包括奥赛罗（英语：Otello (1906 film)）（1906年）、庞贝最后的日子（英语：The Last Days of Pompeii (1908 film)）（1908年）、地狱（英语：L'Inferno）（1911年）、你要去哪里（英语：Quo Vadis (1913 film)）（1913年）和卡比利亚（1914年）。意大利电影制作人使用了复杂的布景、精心制作的戏服和破纪录的预算来拍摄开创性的电影。

历史

参见

参考资料

Bacon, Henry. 1998. Visconti: Explorations of Beauty and Decay. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Ben-Ghiat, Ruth. 'The Fascist War Trilogy'. Forgacs, David , Lutton, Sarah and Nowell-Smith Geoffrey. Eds. Roberto Rossellini: Magician of the Real. London: BFI
Bernardi, Sandro. 2000. 'Rosselini's Landscapes: Nature, Myth, History'. Forgacs, David , Lutton, Sarah and Nowell-Smith Geoffrey. Eds. Roberto Rossellini: Magician of the Real. London: BFI
Bondanella, Peter. 2002. The Films of Federico Fellini. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-57573-7
Bondanella, Peter. 3rd edition. 2002. Italian Cinema: From Neorealism to the Present. New York and London: Continuum
Celli, Carlo, Cottino-Jones, Marga. 2007. "A New Guide to Italian Cinema". New York: Palgrave MacMillan
Cherchi Usai, Paolo. 1997. ' Italy: Spectacle and Melodrama'. Nowell-Smith Geoffrey Ed : Oxford History of World Cinema. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
Clark, Martin. 1984. Modern Italy 1871-1982. London: Longman
Forgacs, David. 2000. 'Introduction: Rossellini and the Critics'. Forgacs, David , Lutton, Sarah and Nowell-Smith Geoffrey. Eds. Roberto Rossellini: Magician of the Real. London: BFI
Forgacs, David , Lutton, Sarah and Nowell-Smith Geoffrey. Eds. 2000. Roberto Rossellini: Magician of the Real. London: BFI
Indiana, Gary. 2000. Salo or The 120 Days of Sodom. London, BFI
Kemp, Philip. 2002. 'The Son's Room'. Sight and Sound. Vol 12 No 3 March p. 56
Landy, Marcia. 2000. Italian Film. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Mancini, Elaine. 1985 Struggles of the Italian Film Industry during Fascism 1930-1935 Ann Arbor: UMI Press
Marcus, Millicent. 1993. Filmmaking by the Book. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Marcus, Millicent. 1986. Italian Film in the Light of Neorealism. Princeton: Princeton University Press
Morandini, Morando. 1997. ' Vittorio de Sica' . Nowell-Smith Geoffrey Ed : Oxford History of World Cinema. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
Morandini, Morando. 1997. 'Italy from Fascism to Neo-Realism'. Nowell-Smith Geoffrey Ed : Oxford History of World Cinema. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
Nowell-Smith, Geoffrey. 2003 3rd edition. Luchino Visconti. London: British Film Institute
Nowell-Smith, Geoffrey. 2000. 'North and South, East and West': Rossellini and Politics. Forgacs, David , Lutton, Sarah and Nowell-Smith Geoffrey. Eds. Roberto Rossellini: Magician of the Real. London: BFI
Rohdie, Sam. 2002. Fellini Lexicon. London: BFI
Rohdie, Sam. 2000. 'India' Forgacs, David , Lutton, Sarah and Nowell-Smith Geoffrey. Eds. Roberto Rossellini: Magician of the Real. London: BFI
Rohdie, Sam. Rocco and his Brothers. London: BFI
Sitney, P. Adams. 1995. Vital Crises in Italian Cinema. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-77688-8
Sorlin, Pierre. 1996. Italian National Cinema. London: Routledge
Wagstaff, Christopher. 2000. 'Rossellini and Neo-Realism'. Forgacs, David , Lutton, Sarah and Nowell-Smith Geoffrey. Eds. Roberto Rossellini: Magician of the Real. London: BFI
Wood, Mary. 2002. 'Bernado Bertolucci in context': Tasker Yvonne: Fifty Contemporary Filmmakers. London: Routledge
Wood, Michael. 2003. 'Death becomes Visconti'. Sight and Sound, May 2003 Volume 13 Issue 5 , pp 24–27

外部链接

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 L'œuvre cinématographique des frères Lumière – Pays: Italie. [1 January 2022]. （原始内容存档于20 March 2018）（法语）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Il Cinema Ritrovato – Italia 1896 – Grand Tour Italiano. [1 January 2022]. （原始内容存档于21 March 2018）（意大利语）.
^ Moliterno, Gino. The A to Z of Italian Cinema. Scarecrow Press. 2009: 243. ISBN 978-0-8108-7059-8 （意大利语）.

[catalogue-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 L'œuvre cinématographique des frères Lumière – Pays: Italie. [1 January 2022]. （原始内容存档于20 March 2018）（法语）.

[festival-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Il Cinema Ritrovato – Italia 1896 – Grand Tour Italiano. [1 January 2022]. （原始内容存档于21 March 2018）（意大利语）.

[AZcinema-3] Moliterno, Gino. The A to Z of Italian Cinema. Scarecrow Press. 2009: 243. ISBN 978-0-8108-7059-8 （意大利语）.

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