单棘躄鱼科
外观
单棘躄鱼科 | |
---|---|
Chaunax pictus | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 辐鳍鱼纲 Actinopteri |
目: | 𩽾𩾌目 Lophiiformes |
亚目: | 单棘躄鱼亚目 Chaunacoidei |
科: | 单棘躄鱼科 Chaunacidae |
属 | |
̈*见内文 |
单棘躄鱼科(学名:Chaunacidae[1])是辐鳍鱼纲𩽾𩾌目单棘躄鱼亚目中的唯一一科,英文俗名为“Sea toads(意思为“海蟾蜍”)”及“Coffinfishes(意思为“棺材鱼”)”,中文俗名则常称之为“五脚虎”。
单棘躄鱼科的物种为栖息于太平洋、印度洋与大西洋大陆坡上的深海鱼[2],深度最深可达 2,460米(8,070英尺) ,其中桨躄鱼属物种的栖息深度多半高于单棘躄鱼属物种。
身体呈卵圆形,尾柄短,身体布满棘刺状的细鳞,体型最大可达 30 cm(12英寸)。背鳍第一鳍条演化为可进行生物发光的吻触手,悬吊在口上方。口裂大,呈垂直状。体侧线的感觉沟清晰可见[3]。胸鳍演化成类似足的构造,可在海床上爬行[4]。
分类
[编辑]单棘躄鱼科下分2个属,如下:
- 桨躄鱼属(Chaunacops)
- 印度洋桨躄鱼(Chaunacops coloratus) Garman, 1899
- 黑口桨躄鱼(Chaunacops melanostomus) J. H. Caruso, 1989
- 玫瑰桨躄鱼(Chaunacops roseus) T. Barbour, 1941
- 多棘深躄鱼(Chaunacops spinosus) H. C. Ho & McGrouther, 2015[5]
- 单棘躄鱼属(Chaunax)
- 阿部单棘躄鱼(Chaunax abei) Y. Le Danois, 1978
- 非洲单棘躄鱼(Chaunax africanus) H. C. Ho & Last, 2013[6]
- Chaunax apus Lloyd, 1909[5]
- 深南单棘躄鱼(Chaunax atimovatae) H. C. Ho & W. C. Ma, 2016[7]
- 短体单棘躄鱼(Chaunax brachysomus) H. C. Ho, Kawai & Satria, 2015[5]
- 短辐单棘躄鱼(Chaunax breviradius) Y. Le Danois, 1978
- 恩氏单棘躄鱼(Chaunax endeavouri) Whitley, 1929
- 单棘躄鱼(Chaunax fimbriatus) Hilgendorf, 1879
- 火焰单棘躄鱼(Chaunax flammeus) Y. Le Danois, 1979
- 黄斑单棘躄鱼(Chaunax flavomaculatus) H. C. Ho, C. D. Roberts & A. L. Stewart, 2013[8]
- 白腹单棘躄鱼(Chaunax gomoni) H. C. Ho, Kawai & Satria, 2015[5]
- 南非单棘躄鱼(Chaunax heemstraorum) H. C. Ho & W. C. Ma, 2016[7]
- 何氏单棘躄鱼(Chaunax hollemani) H. C. Ho & W. C. Ma, 2016[7]
- 侧斑单棘躄鱼(Chaunax latipunctatus) Y. Le Danois, 1984
- 红鞋单棘躄鱼(Chaunax mulleus) H. C. Ho, C. D. Roberts & A. L. Stewart, 2013[8]
- 印度单棘躄鱼(Chaunax multilepis) H. C. Ho, Meleppura & Bineesh, 2016[9]
- 云纹单棘躄鱼(Chaunax nebulosus) H. C. Ho & Last, 2013[6]
- 裸腹单棘躄鱼(Chaunax nudiventer) H. C. Ho & K. T. Shao, 2010
- 云纹单棘躄鱼(Chaunax penicillatus) McCulloch, 1915
- 圆头单棘躄鱼(Chaunax pictus) R. T. Lowe, 1846
- 网纹单棘躄鱼(Chaunax reticulatus) H. C. Ho, C. D. Roberts & A. L. Stewart, 2013[8]
- 红衣单棘躄鱼(Chaunax russatus) H. C. Ho, C. D. Roberts & A. L. Stewart, 2013[8]
- 斑点单棘躄鱼(Chaunax stigmaeus) Fowler, 1946
- 萨氏单棘躄鱼(Chaunax suttkusi) J. H. Caruso, 1989
- 荫单棘躄鱼(Chaunax umbrinus) C. H. Gilbert, 1905
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2006). Chaunacidae. FishBase. Version 2006-02.
- ^ Bertelsen, E. & Pietsch, T.W. Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N. , 编. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. 1998: 140. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
- ^ John H. Caruso. Chaunacidae. Tree of Life web project. 2005 [3 April 2006]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-15).
- ^ 存档副本. [2019-07-03]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-20).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Ho, H.-C. & McGrouther, M. (2015): A new anglerfish from eastern Australia and New Caledonia (Lophiiformes: Chaunacidae: Chaunacops), with new data and submersible observation of Chaunacops melanostomus. Journal of Fish Biology, 86 (3): 940–951.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Ho, H.-C. & Last, P.R. (2013): Two new species of the coffinfish genus Chaunax (Lophiiformes: Chaunacidae) from the Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 3710 (5): 436–448.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Ho, H.-C. & Ma, W.-C. (2016): Revision of southern African species of the anglerfish genus Chaunax (Lophiiformes: Chaunacidae), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 4144 (2): 175–194.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Ho, H.-C., Roberts, C.D. & Stewart, A.L. (2013): A review of the anglerfish genus Chaunax (Lophiiformes: Chaunacidae) from New Zealand and adjacent waters, with descriptions of four new species. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Zootaxa, 3620 (1): 89–111.
- ^ Ho, H.-C., Meleppura, R.K. & Bineesh, K.K. (2016): Chaunax multilepis sp. nov., a new species of Chaunax (Lophiiformes: Chaunacidae) from the northern Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 4103 (2): 130-136.