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南非狐

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南非狐
正在捕食普通珠鸡的南非狐,摄于纳米比亚埃托沙国家公园
幼仔
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 食肉目 Carnivora
科: 犬科 Canidae
属: 狐属 Vulpes
种:
南非狐 V. chama
二名法
Vulpes chama
(A Smith英语Andrew Smith (zoologist), 1833)
南非狐的分布范围
异名
  • caama (C. E. H. Smith, 1839)
  • hodsoni (Noack, 1910)
  • variegatoides (Layard, 1861)

南非狐学名Vulpes chama)是原产于南部非洲的一种小型狐狸[2],也是漠南非洲唯一的狐属物种,且为该属演化树上较基部的类群,因而可能保有较多祖征[3]。本种的体长(不含尾)约为45—62公分;尾长30—40公分;肩高30—35公分;体重2.5—4.5公斤;毛色为银灰色、耳后为黄棕色、耳廓中有白色的毛[4];下腹与四肢颜色较躯干更接近黄棕色[5][6];尾部毛色为银色至淡黄棕色,基部则为黑色[4];无两性异型[7]

南非狐分布于南部非洲的干燥与半干燥地区,以及南非西部的弗因博斯等较潮湿的地带[1],分布范围北至安哥拉西南部[8]。本种为夜行性动物,在黄昏与拂晓时较为活跃,白天常在地洞中歇息,可挖掘自己的地洞或使用跳兔等其他动物挖掘的地洞[3]。本种一般为独居生活[9];食性为杂食性,以小型哺乳类、鸟类、昆虫、腐肉与植株为食[10]

参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Hoffmann, M. Vulpes chama. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014, 2014: e.T23060A46126992 [11 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T23060A46126992.en可免费查阅. 
  2. ^ Wozencraft, W.C. Order Carnivora. Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (编). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005: 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. LCCN 2005001870. OCLC 62265494.  NLC 001238428.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Child MF, Roxburgh L, Do Linh San E, Raimondo D, Davies-Mostert HT. The red list of mammals of South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho (报告). South Africa: South African National Biodiversity Institute and Endangered Wildlife Trust. 2016. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Lavoie, Maxime; Renard, Aurélie; Pitt, Justin A.; Larivière, Serge. Vulpes chama (Carnivora: Canidae). Mammalian Species. 2019, 51 (972): 11–17. ISSN 0076-3519. S2CID 198261483. doi:10.1093/mspecies/sez002可免费查阅. 
  5. ^ Sheldon, Jennifer W. Wild dogs: the natural history of the non-domestic Canidae. San Diego: Academic Press. 1992: 168–171. ISBN 9781483263694. 
  6. ^ Clutton-Brock, Juliet; Corbet, Gordon B; Hills, Michael. A review of the family Canidae, with a classification by numerical methods. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). 1976, 29: 117–199. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.6922可免费查阅. 
  7. ^ Kieser JA, Groeneveld HT. Comparative morphology of the mandibulodental complex in wild and domestic canids.. Journal of Anatomy. June 1992, 180 (Pt 3): 419–424. PMC 1259643可免费查阅. PMID 1487435. 
  8. ^ Crawford-Cabral JC. Distributional data and notes on Angolan carnivores (Mammalia: Carnivora) I. Small and median-sizes species. Garcia de Orta Serie de Zoologia (Lisbon). 1989, 14 (2): 3–27. 
  9. ^ Nel, J.A.J. Behavioural ecology of canids in the South-Western Kalahari. Koedoe. 1 December 1984, 27 (2): 229–235. doi:10.4102/koedoe.v27i2.582可免费查阅. 
  10. ^ Klare, Unn; Kamler, Jan F.; Macdonald, David W. Seasonal diet and numbers of prey consumed by Cape foxes Vulpes chama in South Africa. Wildlife Biology. June 2014, 20 (3): 190–195. S2CID 86020958. doi:10.2981/wlb.00006可免费查阅.