世界能力运动会
（重定向自世界轮椅运动会）
 | 此条目可参照英语维基百科相应条目来扩充。 |
世界能力运动会（World Abilitysport Games），前身为世界轮椅及截肢者运动会(IWAS World Games)及斯托克·曼德维尔（Stoke Mandeville）轮椅运动会，并合并世界脑性麻痹运动会(CPISPRA World Games)，是一个多项目的残疾人运动会。首届是由路德维希·古特曼于1948年举办。
2023年，国际轮椅及截肢者运动总会(IWAS)及脑性麻痹国际运动与休闲协会(CPISRA)合并为世界能力运动总会，赛事更名为世界能力运动会。
历届赛事
[编辑]- 1948: Stoke Mandeville Games for the Paralyzed [1] July 28, 1948, archery competition, 16 competitors[2] (14 men, 2 women[3])
- 1949–1951: Stoke Mandeville Games
- 1952:Stoke Mandeville, England – First International Stoke Mandeville Games[4] A Dutch team participated, making it an international event[2]
- 1953–1959: International Stoke Mandeville Games (2nd–8th)
- 1960: 9th Annual International Stoke Mandeville Games, Rome, Italy – later known as the 1st Paralympic Games[5]
- 1961–1963: International Stoke Mandeville Games (10th–12th)
- 1964: 13th International Stoke Mandeville Games for the Paralysed, Tokyo, Japan – later known as the 2nd Paralympic Games[6]
- 1965–1967: International Stoke Mandeville Games (14th–16th)
- 1968: 17th International Stoke Mandeville Games, Tel Aviv, Israel [7] – later known as the 3rd Paralympic Games
- 1969–1972: International Stoke Mandeville Games (18th–20th)
- 1972: 21st International Stoke Mandeville Games,Heidelberg, Germany – later known as the 4th Paralympic Games[7][8]
- 1973–1975: International Stoke Mandeville Games
- 1976: None (5th Paralympic Year)
- 1977–1979: International Stoke Mandeville Games
- 1980: None (6th Paralympic Year)
- 1981–1983: International Stoke Mandeville Games
- 1984: None (7th Paralympic Year)
- 1985–1987: International Stoke Mandeville Games
- 1988: None (8th Paralympic Year)
- 1989–1991: International Stoke Mandeville Games
- 1992: None (9th Paralympic Year)
- 1993–1995: International Stoke Mandeville Games
- 1996: None (10th Paralympic Year)
- 1997–2000 – World Wheelchair Games
- 2000: None (11th Paralympic Year)
- 2001–2003: World Wheelchair Games[9]
- 2004: None (12th Paralympic Year)
- 2005: World Wheelchair and Amputee Games 里约热内卢,
巴西[10][11] - 2006: World Wheelchair and Amputee Games 班加罗尔,
印度 - 2007: World Wheelchair and Amputee Games 台北市,
中华台北[12] - 2008: None (13th Paralympic Year)
- 2009: IWAS World Games – 班加罗尔, 印度,[13][14][15]
- 2011: IWAS World Games – 夏尔迦,
阿联酋[16] - 2012: None (14th Paralympic Year)
- 2013: IWAS World Games 斯塔茨卡纳尔,
荷兰 - 2015: IWAS World Games 索契,
俄罗斯 - 2016: None (15th Paralympic Year)
- 2017: IWAS World Games 圣安东尼奥雷阿尔城,
葡萄牙 - 2019: IWAS World Games 沙迦, 阿联酋
- 2021: None (16th Paralympic Year)
- 2022: IWAS World Games 圣安东尼奥雷阿尔城, 葡萄牙
- 2023: 世界能力运动会 呵叻，
泰国
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Paralympics: Where Heroes Come （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, by Dr. Robert Steadward and Cynthia Peterson. Edmonton, Alberta: One Shot Holdings Ltd., 1997, melazerte.com, May 30, 2010
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Remembering Paralympics past （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, BBC, July 15, 2008
- ^ The Paralympics: It all started with Veterans （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Veteran Affairs Canada
- ^ Chronology of Events in the Development of Wheelchair Basketball （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF)
- ^ Rome 1960 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
- ^ The Thirteenth International Stoke Mandeville Games for The Paralysed （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, dinf.ne.jp, March 17, 1999
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Summer Games Governance 1960 to 1992 Archive.is的存档，存档日期2012-12-16, International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS)
- ^ 21st Wheelchair Olympics, by Charles J. Bierbauer, The Pittsburgh Press, August 1, 1972, Google News Archive Search
- ^ 2003 World Wheelchair Games / Jeux Mondiaux 2003 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Canadian Wheelchair Sports Association
- ^ 2005 World Wheelchair and Amputee Games （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, cwsa.ca
- ^ 21. Sports – Accomplishments Abroad – The First IWAS World Wheelchair and Amputee Games （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, gio.gov.tw
- ^ Singapore wins 14 medals at World Wheelchair and Amputee Games 2007 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, sglead.wordpress.com, September 18, 2007
- ^ IWAS World Wheelchair & Amputee Games 2009, , International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS). [2017-07-09]. （原始内容存档于2012-09-08）.
- ^ The Official Website of IWAS World Games 2009. [2017-07-09]. （原始内容存档于2010-05-07）.
- ^ IWAS World Games 2009 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS), November 24, 2009
- ^ IWAS announced today that the bid to host the IWAS World Games （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS), February 8, 2011
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