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阵发性室上性心搏过速

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阵发性室上性心搏过速
又称Supraventricular tachycardia, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT)[1]
Lead II electrocardiogram strip showing PSVT with a heart rate of about 180.
症状Palpitations, feeling lightheaded, sweating, shortness of breath, chest pain[2]
起病年龄Starts and stops suddenly[3]
病因Not known[3]
风险因素Alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, psychological stress, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome[3]
诊断方法Electrocardiogram[3]
预防Catheter ablation[3]
治疗Valsalva maneuver, adenosine, calcium channel blockers, synchronized cardioversion[4]
预后Generally good[3]
患病率2.3 per 1000 people[5]
分类和外部资源
医学专科急诊医学心脏学
MedlinePlus000183
eMedicine156670
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阵发性室上性心搏过速(英语:Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia,簡稱 PSVT室上性心搏过速中的一种[6]。一般患者不会出现症状[1],若有则可能是心悸、头重脚轻、盗汗、呼吸困难胸痛[2],症状出现得快,也消失得快[3]

病因尚属未知[3],风险因子有酒精、咖啡因尼古丁心理压力及遗传得来的沃夫巴金森怀特症候群[3]。此疾病的机制和副传导路径英语accessory pathway有关,会造成进入错误回路(英语:re-entry)的心律不整[3]。诊断会借由心电图(英语:ECG)来进行,若有窄QRS波群英语narrow QRS complexes且心律较快,在每分钟150至240下之间,即可确诊为阵发性室上性心搏过速[3]

常见的初步治疗为采用迷走神经刺激术英语Vagal maneuver,例如持续闭气用力英语Valsalva maneuver(又称伐氏操作),如果不见效且患者血压正常,可能会采用腺苷;如果腺苷没有帮助,可能会采用钙离子通道阻滞剂β受体阻滞剂;或者会改采心率调整来治疗[4]。预防之后发作的方法是心导管烧灼术英语Catheter ablation[3]

在每千人中约有2.3人患有阵发性室上性心搏过速[5],通常发病于12~45岁[3][5],女性患者较男性患者为多[3]心脏健全者的治疗成效往往也很好[3]。在厘清心脏病症时,可能会借由心脏超声波来做判断[1]

注释

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ferri, Fred F. Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2013,5 Books in 1, Expert Consult - Online and Print,1: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2013. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2012: 807. ISBN 978-0323083737. (原始内容存档于2016-10-02) (英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 What Are the Signs and Symptoms of an Arrhythmia?. NHLBI. July 1, 2011 [27 September 2016]. (原始内容存档于2015-02-19). 
  3. ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 Al-Zaiti, SS; Magdic, KS. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management.. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America. September 2016, 28 (3): 309–16. PMID 27484659. doi:10.1016/j.cnc.2016.04.005. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Neumar, RW; Shuster, M; Callaway, CW; Gent, LM; Atkins, DL; Bhanji, F; Brooks, SC; de Caen, AR; Donnino, MW; Ferrer, JM; Kleinman, ME; Kronick, SL; Lavonas, EJ; Link, MS; Mancini, ME; Morrison, LJ; O'Connor, RE; Samson, RA; Schexnayder, SM; Singletary, EM; Sinz, EH; Travers, AH; Wyckoff, MH; Hazinski, MF. Part 1: Executive Summary: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care.. Circulation. 3 November 2015, 132 (18 Suppl 2): S315–67. PMID 26472989. doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000252. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Katritsis, Demosthenes G.; Camm, A. John; Gersh, Bernard J. Clinical Cardiology: Current Practice Guidelines. Oxford University Press. 2016: 538. ISBN 9780198733324. (原始内容存档于2016-10-02) (英语). 
  6. ^ Types of Arrhythmia. NHLBI. July 1, 2011 [2017-08-08]. (原始内容存档于2015-06-07). 

参阅

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外部链接

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