紧缩政策
外观
(重定向自財政緊縮政策)
![]() | 此条目可参照英语维基百科相应条目来扩充。 (2020年2月23日) |
紧缩政策(英语:Austerity)是一套政治经济政策,旨在通过削减支出,增加税收或两者结合来减少政府预算赤字[1][2][3]。一个国家的政府若发现难以偿还国家债务,便会考虑采用紧缩政策。这些政策旨在通过拉近政府收支差距来减少预算赤字,减轻还债难度。紧缩政策还能向债权人和信贷评级机构展示政府的财政纪律。
在大多数宏观经济学模型中,紧缩政策通常伴随政府支出下降而使失业率上升[4][5]。削减政府支出会减少公营机构的就业机会,这亦可能发生在私营机构身上。此外,加税可以通过减少家庭可支配收入来减少消费。有人认为减少支出可能导致更高的债务GDP比率,因为政府支出本身就是GDP的组成部分。例如在大萧条之后,虽然预算赤字有所减少,但很多欧洲国家执行紧缩政策之后均出现了失业率上升和债务GDP比率上升的情况。
当一个经济体在处于或接近产能状态运作时,较高的短期赤字支出(刺激)可能会导致利率上升,导致私人投资减少,进一步压抑经济增长。在产能过剩的地方,刺激措施可能导致就业和产出增加[6][7]。
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Austerity measure. Financial Times Lexicon. [1 March 2013]. (原始内容存档于22 March 2013).
- ^ Traynor, Ian; Katie Allen. Austerity Europe: who faces the cuts. London: Guardian News. 11 June 2010 [29 September 2010]. (原始内容存档于2013-04-03).
- ^ Wesbury, Brian S.; Robert Stein. Government Austerity: The Good, Bad And Ugly. Forbes. 26 July 2010 [29 September 2010]. (原始内容存档于29 September 2010).
- ^ Austerity – Pros and Cons. Economics Help. [2020-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-22).
- ^ What is austerity?. The Economist. [2020-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-18).
- ^ Krugman, Paul. Europe's Economic Suicide. The New York Times. 15 April 2012 [2020-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2019-11-02).
- ^ Laura D'Andrea Tyson. Confusion about the Deficit. New York Times. 1 June 2012 [16 May 2013]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-30).
外部链接
[编辑]- The Austerity Zone: Life in the New Europe (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – videos by The New York Times
- Socialist Studies Special Edition on Austerity (2011) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Panic-driven austerity in the Eurozone and its implications Paul De Grauwe, Yuemei Ji, 21 February 2013 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- NYT Review of Books – Paul Krugman – How the Case for Austerity Has Crumbled – June 2013 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- IMF Working Paper-Olivier Blanchard and Daniel Leigh-Growth Forecast Errors and Fiscal Multipliers-January 2013 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- How Austerity Kills (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). The New York Times. 12 May 2013.
- The Austerity Delusion; Why a Bad Idea Won Over the West (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) May/June 2013 Foreign Affairs
- Video: Richard Koo debates Kenneth Rogoff about the need for austerity (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Institute for New Economic Thinking inaugural conference, 22 April 2010
- "Debt may be 'Schuld' in German, but it's 'belief' in Italian and 'faith' in English" Interview with Mark Blyth (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Science Portal L.I.S.A., 26 January 2015
- Austerity’s Greek Death Toll: Study Connects Strict Measures to Rise in Suicides (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Truthdig. 4 February 2015.
- Hundreds of mental health experts issue rallying call against austerity (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). The Guardian. 17 April 2015.
- Juice Rap News (April 2015). The EuroDivision Contest (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), a satire/parody of austerity
- Is austerity the new normal? A look at Greece and France, Tony Cross (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Life Under Austerity (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Jacobin. 12 July 2015.
- Austerity policies do more harm than good, IMF study concludes (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). The Guardian. 27 May 2016.
- When left-leaning parties support austerity, their voters start to embrace the far right (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). The Washington Post. November 20, 2018