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国家代表食物

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国家代表食物(英语:National Dish),又称国菜国民美食。指代表一个国家或地区的特色食物或菜肴。 特定菜肴能被选为国菜的原因很多,包括以下:

  • 一个国家的主食
  • 包含了外国引进但本地栽种的食材。
  • 代表国家的文化遗产(如宗教因素只能吃特定食物)。
  • 政府指定推广的特定国家食品。

国家

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以下列表不保证为官方认证的国菜,有些为民众选举的结果或举例。部分中文译名并非官方。

亚洲

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欧洲

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非洲

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美洲

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大洋洲

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参考文献

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  7. ^ Mary Bai. Peking Roast Duck, China’s National Food. 27 September 2011 [2019-05-30]. (原始内容存档于2014-03-12). 
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  36. ^ Dwayne A. Rules. Nasi lemak, our 'national dish'. The Star. 7 April 2011 [6 November 2013]. (原始内容存档于2014-07-02). 
  37. ^ The quest for Singapore's next national dish. CNN. 26 January 2010 [7 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于2012-06-14). 
  38. ^ Kugiya, Hugo. Singapore's national dish: Hainan chicken rice. Crosscut.com. 18 March 2010 [3 October 2013]. (原始内容存档于2011-08-31). 
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  42. ^ Typical Thai Meals & Eating Habits. Bangkok.com. [7 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26). 
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  49. ^ Spencer, Colin. British Food: An Extraordinary Thousand Years of History.. Columbia University Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-231-13110-0. 
  50. ^ Robert Appelbaum, Aguecheek's Beef, Belch's Hiccup, and Other Gastronomic Interjections: Literature, Culture, and Food Among the Early Moderns (2006). University of Chicago Press, p. 214
  51. ^ Yee Chiang, The Silent Traveller in London (1939). Interlink: p. 157.
  52. ^ Peter Earle. The Making of the English Middle Class: Business, Society and Family Life in London 1660-1730 (1989). University of California Press: p. 279.
  53. ^ Cassell's Dictionary of Cookery (1883), p. 137.
  54. ^ About Plum Pudding, Everyday Housekeeping: A Magazine for Practical Housekeepers and Mothers (Vol. 13-14), p. 97.
  55. ^ Ireland: Ulster Fry (March 10, 2008). European Cuisines. 10 March 2008 [3 October 2013]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26). 
  56. ^ Sari Edelstein. Food, Cuisine, and Cultural Competency for Culinary, Hospitality, and Nutrition Professionals (2010). Jones & Bartlett : p. 118.
  57. ^ Lesley Anne Rose, Michael Macaroon, and Vivienne Crow. Frommer's Scotland (2012). John Wiley & Sons: p. 28.
  58. ^ Welsh national dish. Foodmuseum.com. [4 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于2010-07-15). 
  59. ^ Tom Masters. Europe on a Shoestring. Lonely planet. 1 October 2009 [15 July 2010]. ISBN 978-1-74104-855-1. (原始内容存档于2020-09-19). 
  60. ^ [1]
  61. ^ National dish of Finland. National-food.info. [17 September 2014]. (原始内容存档于2016-12-21). 
  62. ^ Four Nations Where Forks Do Knives' Work. New York Times. 18 February 2004 [6 July 2011]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26). 
  63. ^ 63.0 63.1 Food Journeys of a Lifetime: Top Ten Great National Dishes. Away.com. [3 October 2013]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26). 
  64. ^ Famous French Food. Classic French Food. [7 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-30). 
  65. ^ What's On The Menu?: Germany's Favorite Dishes. German Foods. [8 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于2010-07-07). 
  66. ^ Eleanor B. Pierce. Menu Translator: Pan Am's Guide to Food and Drink Specialties Abroad and at Home. 1968: 76. 
  67. ^ Fodor's 89 Germany. 1989: 70. 
  68. ^ Charles Sinclair. Dictionary of Food: International Food and Cooking Terms from A to Z. A & C Black. 2008: 324. 
  69. ^ Moussaka: The National Dish of Greece. Greecelogue. [8 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26). 
  70. ^ Top 10 National Dishes. Terrific Top 10. [17 April 2015]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-30). 
  71. ^ Λεξικό της κοινής Νεοελληνικής, 1998
  72. ^ Italy urged to go on pasta strike. BBC. 13 September 2007 [8 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-07). 
  73. ^ Polenta. [5 June 2011]. (原始内容存档于2010-02-06). 
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  75. ^ Countries and Their Cultures: Saint Kitts and Nevis to Zimbabwe. : 68 [2019-05-31]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-06). 
  76. ^ Serbian cuisine. TravelSerbia. [9 August 2010]. (原始内容存档于2016-02-09). 
  77. ^ 77.0 77.1 77.2 Laurence Mitchell. Serbia. Bradt Travel Guides. 2010: 79 [2019-05-31]. ISBN 978-1-84162-326-9. (原始内容存档于2019-11-20). 
  78. ^ Pamela Goyan Kittler; Kathryn P. Sucher; Marcia Nahikian-Nelms. Food and Culture, 6th ed.. Cengage Learning. August 2011: 410 [2019-05-31]. ISBN 978-0-538-73497-4. (原始内容存档于2020-08-06). Large, thin meat patties made from lamb and beef, known as pljeskavica, are considered a national dish of Serbia but are also a favorite with Bosnians and Croatians 
  79. ^ Gibanica, a pie like no other. serbia.com. [21 March 2013]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-31). 
  80. ^ Fall Brings Red Peppers and Ajvar, 'Serbian Salsa'. NPR. 8 November 2006 [2019-05-31]. (原始内容存档于2018-10-30). 
  81. ^ Peta Lyn Farwagi. Full of beans. Harper & Row. August 1978: 160 [2019-05-31]. ISBN 978-0-06-090601-6. (原始内容存档于2020-08-06). 
  82. ^ Kronenthal, Melissa. Spain's tortilla de patatas is simply satisfying. The Seattle Times. 1 May 2010 [18 May 2011]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-04). 
  83. ^ "Kapusta kiszona (sauerkraut) is the basis for Poland's national dish bigos (sauerkraut with a variety of meats), kapuśniak (sauerkraut soup)" [in:] Polish Holiday Cookery by Robert Strybel, 2003, p. 14; "Bigos, the national dish of Poland — a hunter's stew of mixed meats and vegetables" [in:] The food lover's companion to Portland by Lisa Shara Hall, Roger J. Porter, 1996
  84. ^ "Two national specialities you'll find everywhere are bigos (cabbage stewed with meat and spices) and pierogi" [in:] Poland: the rough guide, 1991 and kotlet schabowy is a close cousin of the Teutonic Wiener Schnitzel" [in:] Joey Porcelli, Clay Fong . The Gyros Journey: Affordable Ethnic Eateries Along the Front Range, 2006
  85. ^ Food in Motion: The Migration of Foodstuffs and Cookery Techniques : Proceedings : Oxford Symposium 1983. Oxford Symposium. 1983: 62 [2019-05-30]. ISBN 978-0-907325-16-1. (原始内容存档于2016-06-17). 
  86. ^ Леонид Беловинский. Энциклопедический словарь российской жизни и истории: XVIII-начало XX в., стр. 557, Пирог (Leonid Belovinskiy. The encyclopedic dictionary of Russian life and history: from the 18th to the beginning of the 20th centurym p. 557, "Pirog"; in Russian)
  87. ^ Вильям Похлебкин. Большая энциклопедия кулинарного искусства, Пироги русские页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Москва: Центрполиграф, 2010, ISBN 978-5-9524-4620-5 (William Pokhlyobkin. The Great Encyclopedia of Culinary Art, "Russian pirogi". Moscow: Centrpoligraph, 2010; in Russian)
  88. ^ Л. М. Безусенко (ред.), Борщ, Українська нацiональна кухня, Сталкер: 31, 2002  (L. M. Bezussenko (编), Borscht, Ukrainian Ethnic Cuisine, Stalker Publishers: 31, 2002 (乌克兰语) )
  89. ^ В. В. Похлёбкин, Борщ, Кулинарный словарь от А до Я, Центрполиграф, 2000 [2019-06-09], (原始内容存档于2021-05-21)  (William Pokhlyobkin, Borscht, The Culinary Dictionary from A to Z, Centrpoligraf, 2000 (俄语) )
  90. ^ Л. М. Безусенко (ред.), Вареники, Українська нацiональна кухня, Сталкер, 2002  (L. M. Bezussenko (编), Varenyky, Ukrainian Ethnic Cuisine, Stalker Publishers: 181, 2002 (乌克兰语) )
  91. ^ В. В. Похлёбкин, Вареники, Кулинарный словарь от А до Я, Центрполиграф: 181, 2000 [2019-06-09], (原始内容存档于2021-02-25)  (William Pokhlyobkin, Varenyky, The Culinary Dictionary from A to Z, Centrpoligraf, 2000 (俄语) )
  92. ^ 92.0 92.1 Food and Drink in Sweden: Sweden Travel Guide. Swedentravelnet.com. [3 October 2013]. (原始内容存档于2018-11-16). 
  93. ^ The crayfish party. Sweden.Se. [3 October 2013]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26). 
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  95. ^ Cederling: Surströmming (Rotten or more like sour herring). [2019-06-01]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-14). 
  96. ^ Motion 2004/05:K378 Ostkaka som Sveriges nationalrätt. riksdagen.se. [3 April 2014]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26) (北方萨米语). 
  97. ^ John Tagliabue. Swiss Sausage Fans Fret Over How to Save Their Skin. The New York Times. 3 February 2008 [2019-05-30]. (原始内容存档于2018-11-16). 
  98. ^ Food in Egypt. [15 August 2011]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26). 
  99. ^ Food in Morocco - Moroccan Food, Moroccan Cuisine - popular, dishes, recipe, diet, history, common, meals, staple, rice, famous, main, people, favorite, make, customs, fruits, country, bread, vegetables, bread. foodbycountry.com. [17 April 2015]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-25). 
  100. ^ Crais, C.; McClendon, T.V. The South Africa Reader: History, Culture, Politics. The World Readers. Duke University Press. 2013: 64 [2018-10-15]. ISBN 978-0-8223-7745-0. (原始内容存档于2020-02-09). 
  101. ^ How to make Egusi soup. [18 January 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-04-03). 
  102. ^ El asado. [25 February 2012]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-03). 
  103. ^ Argentina: Gastronomia. [25 February 2012]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-22).  (西班牙文)
  104. ^ Feijoada recipe, Eat brazilian!. Copacabana Info. [8 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于2012-06-16). 
  105. ^ Trillin, Calvin. Canadian Journal, "Funny Food,". The New Yorker. 23 November 2009: 68–70. 
  106. ^ Wong, Grace. Canada's national dish: 740 calories -- and worth every bite?. CNN. 2 October 2010 [2019-05-30]. (原始内容存档于2011-01-30). 
  107. ^ Sufrin, Jon. Is poutine Canada's national food? Two arguments for, two against. Toronto Life. 22 April 2010 [2019-05-30]. (原始内容存档于2011-03-22). 
  108. ^ O'Neil, Lauren. The CBC Community chooses Canada's most iconic food. CBC. 28 June 2012 [2019-05-30]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-18). 
  109. ^ Baird, Elizabeth. Does Canada Have a National Dish?. Canadian Living. 30 June 2009 [2019-05-30]. (原始内容存档于2016-01-10). 
  110. ^ DeMONTIS, RITA. Canadians butter up to this tart. Toronto Sun. 21 June 2010 [2019-05-30]. (原始内容存档于2017-08-08). , Nanaimo BarTourtiere
  111. ^ Chapman, Sasha. Manufacturing Taste. The Walrus. September 2012 [September 1, 2012]. (原始内容存档于2013-01-05). 
  112. ^ Food Journeys of a Lifetime: Top Ten Great National Dishes. Away.com. 9 October 2010 [3 October 2013]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26). 
  113. ^ Mole Poblano: Mexico's National Food Dish. Mexonline. [11 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26). 
  114. ^ Nina Terrero. How to make: Traditional Mexican favorites. NBC Latino. 11 September 2012 [2019-05-30]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26). 
  115. ^ Ceviche – the Peruvian national dish. Peru Travel Guide. [11 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于2008-06-07). 
  116. ^ Cautious change to Australia's 'national dish'. [23 September 2018]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-30). 
  117. ^ Our greatest Aussie recipes. [5 June 2011]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26). 
  118. ^ News Limited http://www.news.com.au/national/roast-lamb-rules-as-australias-national-dish/story-e6frfkvr-1225825752497页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  119. ^ Bacon & Egg Pie. [5 June 2011]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-23). 
  120. ^ Tender、loving care for lamb. [5 June 2011]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-01). 

参考书目

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